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Modeling Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources and Agriculture Demand in the Volta Basin and other Basin Systems in Ghana

Author

Listed:
  • Barnabas A. Amisigo

    (CSIR-Water Research Institute, Achimota, P.O. Box AH38 Accra, Ghana)

  • Alyssa McCluskey

    (Engineering Management, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302, USA)

  • Richard Swanson

    (Civil Engineering, University of Colorado, 352 Summer Ave., Reading, MA 01867, USA)

Abstract

An assessment of the impacts of projected climate change on water availability and crop production in the Volta Basin and the southwestern and coastal basin systems of Ghana has been undertaken as a component of the impacts and adaptation study for Ghana by UNU-WIDER and the University of Ghana. Four climate change scenarios were considered in addition to a reference (no change) scenario—two dry and two wet scenarios. To conduct the analysis, a portion of a special framework using three water models was used; the framework is called the Strategic Analysis of Climate resilient Development (SACReD). First, the CliRun water balance model was used to simulate catchment runoffs using projected rainfall and temperature under the scenarios. Second, climate impacts on yields of the economically important Ghana crops were modeled using the AquaCrop software. Third, the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) software was used for the water allocation modeling. The results show that all water demands (municipal, hydropower, and agriculture) cannot be simultaneously met currently, or under any of the scenarios used, including the wet scenarios. This calls for an evaluation of groundwater as an additional source of water supply and an integrated water resources management plan in the catchments to balance demand with supply and ensure sustainable socio-economic development. In addition, the AquaCrop model forecasts negative impacts for the crop yields studied, with some crops and regions seeing larger impacts than others.

Suggested Citation

  • Barnabas A. Amisigo & Alyssa McCluskey & Richard Swanson, 2015. "Modeling Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources and Agriculture Demand in the Volta Basin and other Basin Systems in Ghana," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(6), pages 1-19, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:7:y:2015:i:6:p:6957-6975:d:50436
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zuidema, Pieter A. & Leffelaar, Peter A. & Gerritsma, Wouter & Mommer, Liesje & Anten, Niels P.R., 2005. "A physiological production model for cocoa (Theobroma cacao): model presentation, validation and application," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 84(2), pages 195-225, May.
    2. World Bank, 2010. "Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change : Synthesis Report," World Bank Publications - Reports 12750, The World Bank Group.
    3. De Pinto, Alessandro & Demirag, Ulaç & Haruna, Akiko & Koo, Jawoo & Asamoah, Marian, 2012. "Climate change, agriculture, and foodcrop production in Ghana," GSSP policy notes 3, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
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