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The Institutional Challenges of Payment for Ecosystem Service Program in China: A Review of the Effectiveness and Implementation of Sloping Land Conversion Program

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  • Cheng Chen

    (Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
    Department of Agricultural Economics, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Invalidentr.42, 10115 Berlin, Germany)

  • Hannes J. König

    (Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany)

  • Bettina Matzdorf

    (Leibniz-Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany)

  • Lin Zhen

    (Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China)

Abstract

This study is an overview of the effectiveness and institutional challenges of China’s Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP). The SLCP is the Chinese government’s largest Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) program and one of the largest PES programs in the world. From an institutional perspective, the SLCP is particularly interesting because it represents a hybrid governance type that includes both voluntary and hierarchical (top-down) elements rather than traditional command-and-control approach. Our analysis is based on a literature review that encompasses 164 international scientific articles. To identify institutional challenges, we linked the results regarding the effectiveness of the program to its institutional aspects. Our SLCP case study highlights the dependence of the effectiveness of a governmental PES program on the specific regulatory institutional setting and the particular actors involved. Our results show that some institutional challenges undermine the anticipated advantages of PES (local participation) and eventually reshape the program outcomes through implementation process, particularly in cases of hybrid governance structures in which institutional requirements are as important as the design of the specific financial incentives. The collaboration between relevant government actors at different hierarchical levels, and specifically the motivations and interests of the government actors responsible for the implementation on the ground, play crucial roles. The SLCP can be an important milestone in environmental policy in China and the world, if more innovative elements of a theoretically ideal PES—such as local flexibility and self-interest (or at least the acceptance of the service providers supplying the relevant ecosystem services) can be strengthened. The environmental goals can be achieved in combination with greater self-interest of the applicable government actors on all hierarchical levels.

Suggested Citation

  • Cheng Chen & Hannes J. König & Bettina Matzdorf & Lin Zhen, 2015. "The Institutional Challenges of Payment for Ecosystem Service Program in China: A Review of the Effectiveness and Implementation of Sloping Land Conversion Program," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(5), pages 1-28, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:7:y:2015:i:5:p:5564-5591:d:49280
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    7. Lu, Gang & Yin, Runsheng, 2020. "Evaluating the Evaluated Socioeconomic Impacts of China's Sloping Land Conversion Program," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    8. Jiang, Wei, 2017. "Ecosystem services research in China: A critical review," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 26(PA), pages 10-16.
    9. Hao Wang & Sander Meijerink & Erwin van der Krabben, 2020. "Institutional Design and Performance of Markets for Watershed Ecosystem Services: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-26, August.
    10. Chunci Chen & Guizhen He & Yonglong Lu, 2022. "Payments for Watershed Ecosystem Services in the Eyes of the Public, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-20, August.
    11. Chen, Cheng & Matzdorf, Bettina & Meyer, Claas & König, Hannes & Zhen, Lin, 2018. "How socioeconomic and institutional conditions at the household level shape the environmental effectiveness of governmental PES: China’s Sloping Land Conversion Program," SocArXiv jzvqh, Center for Open Science.
    12. López-Cubillos, Sofia & Runting, Rebecca K. & Suárez-Castro, Andrés F. & Williams, Brooke A. & Armenteras, Dolors & Manuel Ochoa-Quintero, Jose & McDonald-Madden, Eve, 2022. "Spatial prioritization to achieve the triple bottom line in Payment for ecosystem services design," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    13. Meyer, Claas & Chen, Cheng & Matzdorf, Bettina, 2018. "Qualitative comparative institutional analysis of environmental governance: Implications from research on payments for ecosystem services," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 34(PB), pages 169-180.
    14. Zhao, Jiacheng & Liu, Jinlong & Giessen, Lukas, 2023. "How China adopted eco-friendly forest development: Lens of the dual-track mechanism," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).
    15. Chen, Cheng & Matzdorf, Bettina & Zhen, Lin & Schröter, Barbara, 2020. "Social-Network Analysis of local governance models for China's eco-compensation program," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    16. Qu, Mei & Liu, Guangzhe & Lin, Yin & Driedger, Erika & Peter, Zsuzsanna & Xu, Xiaoqian & Cao, Yang, 2017. "Experts’ perceptions of the sloping land conversion program in the Loess Plateau, China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 204-210.
    17. Ye Jin & Qingning Lin & Shiping Mao, 2022. "Tanzanian Farmers’ Intention to Adopt Improved Maize Technology: Analyzing Influencing Factors Using SEM and fsQCA Methods," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-23, November.
    18. Zhang, Daojun & Jia, Qiqi & Xu, Xin & Yao, Shunbo & Chen, Haibin & Hou, Xianhui & Zhang, Jinting & Jin, Gui, 2019. "Assessing the coordination of ecological and agricultural goals during ecological restoration efforts: A case study of Wuqi County, Northwest China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 550-562.
    19. Cheng, Yuhong & Ma, Ben & Sun, Yidan, 2023. "Does central ecological transfer payment enhance local environmental performance? Quasi-experimental evidence from China," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).

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