IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i9p3659-d1383997.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Impact of Ship Emission Control Area Policies on Port Air Quality—A Case Study of Ningbo Port, China

Author

Listed:
  • Siling Lu

    (College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
    Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ship Exhaust Intelligent Monitoring, Shanghai 201306, China)

  • Fan Zhou

    (College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
    Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ship Exhaust Intelligent Monitoring, Shanghai 201306, China)

Abstract

The implementation effectiveness of ship emission control area (ECA) policies can be effectively evaluated using econometric models. However, existing studies mainly focus on changes in SO 2 concentrations in the air. In order to comprehensively assess the impact of ECA policies on air quality, this study takes Ningbo Port in China as an example and uses a regression discontinuity (RD) model to analyze the influence of ship emissions around the wharf on concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , and particulate matter (PM) in the air. The results indicate that individual ships’ activities within the monitoring area (within 300 m) make a relatively small contribution to the concentration of SO 2 in the air and do not form a significant breakpoint. However, there is a noticeable breakpoint in the concentration of NO 2 around the monitoring point as the ship approaches. At the same time, the variation range of PM 2.5 is significantly greater than that of PM 10 , which aligns with the characteristics of PM emitted by ships. The experimental results have passed three robustness tests, demonstrating that the current policy on ship ECAs has a positive limiting effect on SO 2 emissions and, to some extent, reduces PM emissions. However, further reductions in ship emissions may require more restrictions in nitrogen oxide emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Siling Lu & Fan Zhou, 2024. "Impact of Ship Emission Control Area Policies on Port Air Quality—A Case Study of Ningbo Port, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(9), pages 1-21, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:9:p:3659-:d:1383997
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/9/3659/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/9/3659/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Müller, Tobias & Shaikh, Mujaheed, 2018. "Your retirement and my health behavior: Evidence on retirement externalities from a fuzzy regression discontinuity design," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 45-59.
    2. Qin Wang & Minhang Jiang, 2023. "Study on Emission Control of Berthing Vessels-Based on Non-Cooperative Game Theory," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-17, July.
    3. Pedro Amorim & Sophie Parragh & Fabrício Sperandio & Bernardo Almada-Lobo, 2014. "A rich vehicle routing problem dealing with perishable food: a case study," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 22(2), pages 489-508, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Coelho, V.N. & Grasas, A. & Ramalhinho, H. & Coelho, I.M. & Souza, M.J.F. & Cruz, R.C., 2016. "An ILS-based algorithm to solve a large-scale real heterogeneous fleet VRP with multi-trips and docking constraints," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 250(2), pages 367-376.
    2. Mattia Filomena & Matteo Picchio, 2023. "Retirement and health outcomes in a meta‐analytical framework," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(4), pages 1120-1155, September.
    3. Everding, Jakob & Marcus, Jan, 2020. "The effect of unemployment on the smoking behavior of couples," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 29(2), pages 154-170.
    4. Shenglong Liu & Yuanyuan Wan & Xiaoming Zhang, 2024. "Retirement Spillover Effects on Spousal Health in Urban China," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 756-783, September.
    5. Zang, Emma, 2020. "Spillover effects of a husband's retirement on a woman's health: Evidence from urban China," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    6. Benjamin Bittschi & Berthold U. Wigger, 2019. "On the Political Feasibility of Increasing the Legal Retirement Age," CESifo Working Paper Series 7492, CESifo.
    7. Mauricio Villamizar‐Villegas & Freddy A. Pinzon‐Puerto & Maria Alejandra Ruiz‐Sanchez, 2022. "A comprehensive history of regression discontinuity designs: An empirical survey of the last 60 years," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(4), pages 1130-1178, September.
    8. Pedron, Sara & Maier, Werner & Peters, Annette & Linkohr, Birgit & Meisinger, Christine & Rathmann, Wolfgang & Eibich, Peter & Schwettmann, Lars, 2020. "The effect of retirement on biomedical and behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    9. Ioannis Laliotis & Mujaheed Shaikh & Charitini Stavropoulou & Dimitrios Kourouklis, 2023. "Retirement and Household Expenditure in Turbulent Times," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 44(4), pages 968-989, December.
    10. Zhu, Penghu & Lin, Boqiang, 2022. "Do the elderly consume more energy? Evidence from the retirement policy in urban China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    11. Hannes Gropper & Jannika M John & Gorden Sudeck & Ansgar Thiel, 2020. "The impact of life events and transitions on physical activity: A scoping review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(6), pages 1-24, June.
    12. Georganas, Sotiris & Laliotis, Ioannis & Velias, Alina, 2022. "The best is yet to come: The impact of retirement on prosocial behavior," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 196(C), pages 589-615.
    13. Byrne, Dominic & Kwak, Do Won & Tang, Kam Ki & Yazbeck, Myra, 2023. "Spillover effects of retirement: Does health vulnerability matter?," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    14. Hsu, Yu-Chin & Shiu, Ji-Liang & Wan, Yuanyuan, 2024. "Testing identification conditions of LATE in fuzzy regression discontinuity designs," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 241(1).
    15. Sarah Wangare Njoroge & Dr. Amos Alumada Keya & Dr. Anne G. Wambugu, 2024. "Relationship between the Type of Retirement Transition and Marital Satisfaction in Kiambu County, Kenya," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(4), pages 1071-1083, April.
    16. Pedro L. Miranda & Reinaldo Morabito & Deisemara Ferreira, 2018. "Optimization model for a production, inventory, distribution and routing problem in small furniture companies," TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 26(1), pages 30-67, April.
    17. Matteo Picchio & Jan C. van Ours, 2020. "Mental Health Effects of Retirement," De Economist, Springer, vol. 168(3), pages 419-452, September.
    18. Motegi, Hiroyuki & Nishimura, Yoshinori & Oikawa, Masato, 2020. "Retirement and health investment behaviors: An international comparison," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 16(C).
    19. Jing Chen & Pengfei Gui & Tao Ding & Sanggyun Na & Yingtang Zhou, 2019. "Optimization of Transportation Routing Problem for Fresh Food by Improved Ant Colony Algorithm Based on Tabu Search," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-22, November.
    20. Zhu, Rong, 2021. "Retirement and voluntary work provision: Evidence from the Australian Age Pension reform," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 674-690.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:9:p:3659-:d:1383997. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.