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Spatiotemporal Variability of Convective Events in Romania Based on METAR Data

Author

Listed:
  • Adrian Piticar

    (Faculty of Aeronautical Management, “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy, 500187 Braşov, Romania)

  • Simona Andrei

    (National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE2000, 077125 Măgurele, Romania)

  • Alexandru Tudor

    (Faculty of Aeronautical Management, “Henri Coandă” Air Force Academy, 500187 Braşov, Romania
    Faculty of Geography, Babeş-Bolyai University, 400006 Cluj Napoca, Romania)

Abstract

Convective weather, through its heavy showers, strong winds and hail, significantly impacts human activities, having the potential to inflict serious damage on social and environmental sectors. Limited research has been conducted on this phenomenon within Romanian territory, and currently there is no referenced climatological study primarily aimed at air traffic management users in this context. This study aims to assess the climatological aspects related to convective events based on sub-hourly observation data recorded at 17 airport weather stations throughout Romania during an 11-year period (2012–2022). The spatiotemporal distribution of convective events was analyzed based on occurrences of Cumulus Congestus (TCU) clouds, Cumulonimbus (CB) clouds, thunderstorms (TSs), heavy showers (+SHs), and hail (GR). With the data being extracted from meteorological aerodrome reports (METARs) and special meteorological aerodrome reports (SPECIs). Short-term trends were determined using Sen’s slope estimator, and statistical significance was assessed through the Mann–Kendall test. The main findings indicated that the highest occurrence of convective events is located over central and western Romania, with June emerging as the extreme month in terms of convective events, while the hourly distribution emphasizes that the highest frequency of convective events occurred in the afternoon. Trend analysis in TCU, CB, and TS show tendencies toward higher frequency of convective events while the results related to +SH and GR indicate a high variability across Romanian territory. Trend analysis disclosed more substantial changes in the TS variable. The results of this study bear potential significance for a broad spectrum of human activities and the management of natural environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Adrian Piticar & Simona Andrei & Alexandru Tudor, 2024. "Spatiotemporal Variability of Convective Events in Romania Based on METAR Data," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-16, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:8:p:3243-:d:1374887
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Md Lamiur Raihan & Kenichiro Onitsuka & Mrittika Basu & Natsuki Shimizu & Satoshi Hoshino, 2020. "Rapid Emergence and Increasing Risks of Hailstorms: A Potential Threat to Sustainable Agriculture in Northern Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-18, June.
    2. V. Yesubabu & Sahidul Islam & D. Sikka & Akshara Kaginalkar & Sagar Kashid & A. Srivastava, 2014. "Impact of variational assimilation technique on simulation of a heavy rainfall event over Pune, India," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 71(1), pages 639-658, March.
    3. Kumari Priya & Raghu Nadimpalli & Krishna K. Osuri, 2021. "Do increasing horizontal resolution and downscaling approaches produce a skillful thunderstorm forecast?," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 109(2), pages 1655-1674, November.
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