IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i7p2766-d1364827.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Technical Requirements for 2023 IMO GHG Strategy

Author

Listed:
  • Chunchang Zhang

    (Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
    Ship Energy Efficiency Data Center, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)

  • Jia Zhu

    (Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
    Ship Energy Efficiency Data Center, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)

  • Huiru Guo

    (Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
    Ship Energy Efficiency Data Center, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)

  • Shuye Xue

    (Ship Energy Efficiency Data Center, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)

  • Xian Wang

    (Ship Energy Efficiency Data Center, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
    College of Foreign Languages, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)

  • Zhihuan Wang

    (Ship Energy Efficiency Data Center, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
    Institute of Logistics Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)

  • Taishan Chen

    (Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
    Ship Energy Efficiency Data Center, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)

  • Liu Yang

    (Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
    Ship Energy Efficiency Data Center, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)

  • Xiangming Zeng

    (Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
    Ship Energy Efficiency Data Center, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)

  • Penghao Su

    (Ship Energy Efficiency Data Center, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
    College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)

Abstract

The 80th session of the IMO Maritime Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 80) adopted the 2023 IMO Strategy on the Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships (2023 IMO GHG Strategy), with enhanced targets to tackle harmful emissions. This study strives to provide an exact interpretation of the target of the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy and reveal the technical requirements therein. Decarbonization targets were expressed in IMO GHG emission scenarios for specifications. Model calculations and parameterizations were in line with IMO GHG reduction principles and decarbonizing practices in the shipping sector to avoid the prejudicial tendency of alternative fuels and the overestimated integral efficiency of short-term measures in existing predictions. IMO DCS data were used for the first time to gain reliable practical efficiencies of newly adopted regulations and further reduce the model uncertainty. The results demonstrated that the decarbonization goals for emission intensity were actually 51.5–62.5% in the IMO GHG reduction scenarios, which was much higher than the IMO recommended value of 40% as the target. Combined with the continuous applications of short-term measures, onshore power and regulations were required to contribute their maximum potential no later than the year 2030. Even so, considerable penetration (15.0–26.0%) of alternative fuels will be required by 2030 to achieve the decarbonization goals in the 90% and 130% scenarios, respectively, both far beyond the expected value in the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy (i.e., 5–10%). Until 2050, decarbonization from alternative fuels is required to achieve ~95%. Sustainable biodiesel and LNG are the necessary choices in all time periods, while the roles of e-methanol and e-ammonia deserve to be considered in the long term. Our findings highlight the intense technical requirements behind the 2023 IMO GHG Strategy and provide a pathway option for a fair and impartial transition to zero GHG emissions in the shipping sector, which might be meaningful to policymakers.

Suggested Citation

  • Chunchang Zhang & Jia Zhu & Huiru Guo & Shuye Xue & Xian Wang & Zhihuan Wang & Taishan Chen & Liu Yang & Xiangming Zeng & Penghao Su, 2024. "Technical Requirements for 2023 IMO GHG Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:7:p:2766-:d:1364827
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/7/2766/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/7/2766/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fernandes, Jose A. & Santos, Lionel & Vance, Thomas & Fileman, Tim & Smith, David & Bishop, John D.D. & Viard, Frédérique & Queirós, Ana M. & Merino, Gorka & Buisman, Erik & Austen, Melanie C., 2016. "Costs and benefits to European shipping of ballast-water and hull-fouling treatment: Impacts of native and non-indigenous species," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 148-155.
    2. Connolly, D. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Ridjan, I., 2014. "A comparison between renewable transport fuels that can supplement or replace biofuels in a 100% renewable energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 110-125.
    3. Alam Md Moshiul & Roslina Mohammad & Fariha Anjum Hira, 2023. "Alternative Fuel Selection Framework toward Decarbonizing Maritime Deep-Sea Shipping," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-37, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alves, Luís & Pereira, Vítor & Lagarteira, Tiago & Mendes, Adélio, 2021. "Catalytic methane decomposition to boost the energy transition: Scientific and technological advancements," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    2. Blanco, Herib & Gómez Vilchez, Jonatan J. & Nijs, Wouter & Thiel, Christian & Faaij, André, 2019. "Soft-linking of a behavioral model for transport with energy system cost optimization applied to hydrogen in EU," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    3. Manju Dhakad Tanwar & Felipe Andrade Torres & Ali Mubarak Alqahtani & Pankaj Kumar Tanwar & Yashas Bhand & Omid Doustdar, 2023. "Promising Bioalcohols for Low-Emission Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-22, January.
    4. Stefan Arens & Sunke Schlüters & Benedikt Hanke & Karsten von Maydell & Carsten Agert, 2020. "Sustainable Residential Energy Supply: A Literature Review-Based Morphological Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-28, January.
    5. Stergios Statharas & Yannis Moysoglou & Pelopidas Siskos & Pantelis Capros, 2021. "Simulating the Evolution of Business Models for Electricity Recharging Infrastructure Development by 2030: A Case Study for Greece," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-24, April.
    6. Iva Ridjan Skov & Noémi Schneider & Gerald Schweiger & Josef-Peter Schöggl & Alfred Posch, 2021. "Power-to-X in Denmark: An Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-14, February.
    7. Suneet Singh & Ashish Dwivedi & Saurabh Pratap, 2023. "Sustainable Maritime Freight Transportation: Current Status and Future Directions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-23, April.
    8. Venturini, Giada & Pizarro-Alonso, Amalia & Münster, Marie, 2019. "How to maximise the value of residual biomass resources: The case of straw in Denmark," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 369-388.
    9. Olabi, A.G. & Wilberforce, Tabbi & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali, 2021. "Fuel cell application in the automotive industry and future perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    10. Sperling, K. & Arler, F., 2020. "Local government innovation in the energy sector: A study of key actors’ strategies and arguments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    11. Mathiesen, B.V. & Lund, H. & Connolly, D. & Wenzel, H. & Østergaard, P.A. & Möller, B. & Nielsen, S. & Ridjan, I. & Karnøe, P. & Sperling, K. & Hvelplund, F.K., 2015. "Smart Energy Systems for coherent 100% renewable energy and transport solutions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 139-154.
    12. Connolly, D. & Lund, H. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2016. "Smart Energy Europe: The technical and economic impact of one potential 100% renewable energy scenario for the European Union," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1634-1653.
    13. Jeongmin Lee & Minseop Sim & Yulseong Kim & Changhee Lee, 2024. "Strategic Pathways to Alternative Marine Fuels: Empirical Evidence from Shipping Practices in South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
    14. Ajanovic, Amela & Haas, Reinhard, 2016. "Dissemination of electric vehicles in urban areas: Major factors for success," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P2), pages 1451-1458.
    15. Sveinbjörnsson, Dadi & Ben Amer-Allam, Sara & Hansen, Anders Bavnhøj & Algren, Loui & Pedersen, Allan Schrøder, 2017. "Energy supply modelling of a low-CO2 emitting energy system: Case study of a Danish municipality," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 922-941.
    16. Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Andersen, Anders N., 2016. "Booster heat pumps and central heat pumps in district heating," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1374-1388.
    17. Bellocchi, Sara & De Falco, Marcello & Gambini, Marco & Manno, Michele & Stilo, Tommaso & Vellini, Michela, 2019. "Opportunities for power-to-Gas and Power-to-liquid in CO2-reduced energy scenarios: The Italian case," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 847-861.
    18. Brynolf, Selma & Taljegard, Maria & Grahn, Maria & Hansson, Julia, 2018. "Electrofuels for the transport sector: A review of production costs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1887-1905.
    19. Shafiei, Ehsan & Davidsdottir, Brynhildur & Leaver, Jonathan & Stefansson, Hlynur & Asgeirsson, Eyjolfur Ingi, 2015. "Comparative analysis of hydrogen, biofuels and electricity transitional pathways to sustainable transport in a renewable-based energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 614-627.
    20. Nguyen, Truong & Gustavsson, Leif, 2020. "Production of district heat, electricity and/or biomotor fuels in renewable-based energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:7:p:2766-:d:1364827. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.