IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i4p1515-d1337159.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Sustainability through Optimal Compositional and Thermomechanical Design for the Al-7XXX Alloys: An ANOVA Case Study

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Farzik Ijaz

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia)

  • Basim T. Nashri

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia)

  • Mansour T. Qamash

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA)

Abstract

The quest for lightweight, high-performance structural materials for demanding applications such as in the fields of automotive, aerospace, and other high-tech and military industries pushes the boundaries of material science. The present work aims to draw attention to a novel, sustainable manufacturing approach for the development of next-generation 7xxx series aluminum alloys that have higher strength by rejuvenating a sustainable compositional and thermomechanical processing strategy. Our innovative strategy integrates two key synergies: trace hafnium (Hf) addition for microstructural refinement, unique thermomechanical treatment involving cryorolling, and a short annealing method. Experimental results revealed that our base alloy exhibited a 33 µm grain size and impressive initial mechanical properties (334 MPa UTS, 150 HV). Adding 0.6 wt.% Hf and employing 50% cryorolling with short annealing led to a remarkable 10 µm grain size reduction and significant mechanical property leaps. The resulting alloy boasts a 452 MPa UTS and 174 HV, showcasing the synergistic advantageous effect of Hf and cryorolling plus annealing treatment. The developed alloys were compositional- and work hardening-dependent, leading to a rich mix of strengthening mechanisms. Optical and scanning electron microscopy reveal several intermetallic phases within the fcc matrix, wherein the Al 3 Hf phase plays a key role in strengthening by impeding dislocation movement. In addition to experimental results, a 12-full-factorial design experiment via ANOVA analysis was also utilized to validate the significant influence of Hf and cryorolling on properties with ( p -values < 0.05). Among the different parameters, cryorolling plus annealing appeared as the most noteworthy factor, followed by the composition. Using the regression model, the ultimate tensile strength and hardness were predicted to be 626 MPa UTS and 192 HV for an alloy with 0.6 wt.% Hf and 85% cryorolling, which opens a new avenue for ultra-high-strength Al7xxx alloys.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Farzik Ijaz & Basim T. Nashri & Mansour T. Qamash, 2024. "Sustainability through Optimal Compositional and Thermomechanical Design for the Al-7XXX Alloys: An ANOVA Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-25, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:4:p:1515-:d:1337159
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/4/1515/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/4/1515/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yinmin Wang & Mingwei Chen & Fenghua Zhou & En Ma, 2002. "High tensile ductility in a nanostructured metal," Nature, Nature, vol. 419(6910), pages 912-915, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jae Bok Seol & Won-Seok Ko & Seok Su Sohn & Min Young Na & Hye Jung Chang & Yoon-Uk Heo & Jung Gi Kim & Hyokyung Sung & Zhiming Li & Elena Pereloma & Hyoung Seop Kim, 2022. "Mechanically derived short-range order and its impact on the multi-principal-element alloys," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Chongle Zhang & Xiangyun Bao & Mengyuan Hao & Wei Chen & Dongdong Zhang & Dong Wang & Jinyu Zhang & Gang Liu & Jun Sun, 2022. "Hierarchical nano-martensite-engineered a low-cost ultra-strong and ductile titanium alloy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-11, December.
    3. Zan Li & Yin Zhang & Zhibo Zhang & Yi-Tao Cui & Qiang Guo & Pan Liu & Shenbao Jin & Gang Sha & Kunqing Ding & Zhiqiang Li & Tongxiang Fan & Herbert M. Urbassek & Qian Yu & Ting Zhu & Di Zhang & Y. Mor, 2022. "A nanodispersion-in-nanograins strategy for ultra-strong, ductile and stable metal nanocomposites," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-13, December.
    4. Hai Wang & Wei Song & Mingfeng Liu & Shuyuan Zhang & Ling Ren & Dong Qiu & Xing-Qiu Chen & Ke Yang, 2022. "Manufacture-friendly nanostructured metals stabilized by dual-phase honeycomb shell," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-8, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:4:p:1515-:d:1337159. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.