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Design and Performance Evaluation of a Photovoltaic Greenhouse as an Energy Hub with Battery Storage and an Electric Vehicle Charger

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  • Miguel A. Torres

    (Universidad de los Andes, Chile, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Santiago 7620086, Chile)

  • Diego Muñoz

    (Institute of Engineering Sciences, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2841959, Chile)

  • Claudio Burgos

    (Institute of Engineering Sciences, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2841959, Chile)

  • Daniel Casagrande

    (Institute of Engineering Sciences, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2841959, Chile)

  • Javier Ortiz

    (Institute of Engineering Sciences, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2841959, Chile)

  • Hernán Reyes

    (Institute of Engineering Sciences, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua 2841959, Chile)

Abstract

This work presents a photovoltaic greenhouse’s design and performance evaluation as an energy hub in modern agriculture that integrates battery energy storage, an electric vehicle charging station, and non-controlled loads. The greenhouse roof comprises 48 semi-transparent photovoltaic panels with nominal transparency of 20% and 110 W capacity. The control of the photovoltaic greenhouse as an energy hub was approached as an optimization problem with the aim of minimizing the energy purchased from the grid. The simulation results indicate that the system is capable of balancing power transactions within the microgrid, thus enabling electromobility and, at the same time, achieving an average energy saving of up to 41%. Furthermore, it was found that the case of slow charging of the electric vehicle at night was less demanding on the battery system than fast charging during the day in terms of abrupt power transitions and average state of charge of the battery system, 61% vs. 53%, respectively. Empirical results also demonstrated the negative impact of soiling generated by agricultural activity on the performance of solar panels. For a period analyzed of three years, an average annual production loss of 6.8% was calculated.

Suggested Citation

  • Miguel A. Torres & Diego Muñoz & Claudio Burgos & Daniel Casagrande & Javier Ortiz & Hernán Reyes, 2024. "Design and Performance Evaluation of a Photovoltaic Greenhouse as an Energy Hub with Battery Storage and an Electric Vehicle Charger," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-18, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:3:p:981-:d:1324916
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mamun, Mohammad Abdullah Al & Dargusch, Paul & Wadley, David & Zulkarnain, Noor Azwa & Aziz, Ammar Abdul, 2022. "A review of research on agrivoltaic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    2. Lingjun Wang & Yuanyuan Li, 2022. "Research on Niche Improvement Path of Photovoltaic Agriculture in China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-25, October.
    3. Ravi, Sujith & Macknick, Jordan & Lobell, David & Field, Christopher & Ganesan, Karthik & Jain, Rishabh & Elchinger, Michael & Stoltenberg, Blaise, 2016. "Colocation opportunities for large solar infrastructures and agriculture in drylands," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 383-392.
    4. AlZahrani, Khaled S., 2023. "Experimental investigation of soiling impact on PV module performance in Yanbu Al Sinaiyah, Saudi Arabia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
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