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Accumulation of Potentially Toxic Metals in Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne , L.) and Other Components of Lawn Vegetation in Variously Contaminated Sites of Urban Areas

Author

Listed:
  • Agnieszka Dradrach

    (Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, PL 50-363 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Anna Karczewska

    (Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, PL 50-357 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Adam Bogacz

    (Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, PL 50-357 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Dorota Kawałko

    (Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Grunwaldzka 53, PL 50-357 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Daniel Pruchniewicz

    (Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, PL 50-363 Wrocław, Poland)

Abstract

Green areas, in particular lawns, play important roles in cities. Unfortunately, they are often arranged in sites contaminated with heavy metals. This study analyzed soils and lawn swards in three districts of the city of Wrocław. Three different categories of lawns were examined: residential areas, street lawns and parks. Particular focus was placed on soil contamination with the metals Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb and their accumulation in the aboveground biomass of the perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne , the main grass species, and in the biomass of other components of the lawn sward. The research revealed local occurrence of elevated metal concentrations in soils, although in most of the studied sites, they did not exceed the safe values set byPolish law. The accumulation of metals in the aboveground parts of ryegrass and other plants forming the lawn sward depended primarily on the type of metal. The study confirmed the high phytoavailability of cadmium and zinc and the very low phytoavailability of lead. Perennial ryegrass accumulated considerably lower amounts of lead and copper compared with other components of the lawn sward, which indicates the potential suitability of this species for the phytostabilization and sustainable development of areas contaminated with these two metals.

Suggested Citation

  • Agnieszka Dradrach & Anna Karczewska & Adam Bogacz & Dorota Kawałko & Daniel Pruchniewicz, 2024. "Accumulation of Potentially Toxic Metals in Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne , L.) and Other Components of Lawn Vegetation in Variously Contaminated Sites of Urban Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-11, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:18:p:8040-:d:1478031
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Liqun Sun & Ji Chen & Qinglan Li & Dian Huang, 2020. "Dramatic uneven urbanization of large cities throughout the world in recent decades," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Agripina Ramírez & Gregorio García & Olaf Werner & José Navarro-Pedreño & Rosa M. Ros, 2021. "Implications of the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contamination of Soils and Wild Plants in the Industrial Area of Haina, Dominican Republic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-26, January.
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