IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i17p7856-d1474428.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimal Hybrid Renewable Energy System to Accelerate a Sustainable Energy Transition in Johor, Malaysia

Author

Listed:
  • Pei Juan Yew

    (Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea)

  • Deepak Chaulagain

    (Department of Convergence and Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea)

  • Noel Ngando Same

    (Department of Convergence and Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea)

  • Jaebum Park

    (Department of Convergence and Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea)

  • Jeong-Ok Lim

    (Regional Leading Research Center for Net-Zero Carbon Smart Energy System, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea)

  • Jeung-Soo Huh

    (Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
    Department of Convergence and Fusion System Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

As the world’s second-largest palm oil producer, Malaysia heavily depends on its extensive oil palm cultivation, which accounts for nearly 90% of the country’s lignocellulosic biomass waste. Approximately 20–22 tonnes of empty fruit bunches (EFBs) can be derived from an initial yield of 100 tonnes of fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) from oil palm trees. The average annual amount of EFBs produced in Johor is 3233 tonnes per day. Recognising that urban areas contribute significantly to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and to support Malaysia’s transition from fossil fuel-based energy to a low-carbon energy system, this research employed HOMER Pro software 3.18.3 to develop an optimal hybrid renewable energy system integrating solar and biomass (EFB) energy sources in Johor, Malaysia. The most cost-effective system (solar–biomass) consists of 4075 kW solar photovoltaics, a 2100 kW biomass gasifier, 9363 battery units and 1939 kW converters. This configuration results in a total net present cost (NPC) of USD 44,596,990 and a levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of USD 0.2364/kWh. This system satisfies the residential load demand via 6,020,427 kWh (64.7%) of solar-based and 3,286,257 kWh (35.3%) of biomass-based electricity production, with an annual surplus of 2,613,329 kWh (28.1%). The minimal percentages of unmet electric load and capacity shortage, both <0.1%, indicate that all systems can meet the power demand. In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the economic viability and technical feasibility of powering the Kulai district with a solar–biomass system.

Suggested Citation

  • Pei Juan Yew & Deepak Chaulagain & Noel Ngando Same & Jaebum Park & Jeong-Ok Lim & Jeung-Soo Huh, 2024. "Optimal Hybrid Renewable Energy System to Accelerate a Sustainable Energy Transition in Johor, Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-24, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:17:p:7856-:d:1474428
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/17/7856/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/17/7856/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mohd F. M. A. Zamri & Jassinnee Milano & Abd H. Shamsuddin & Mohd E. M. Roslan & Siti F. Salleh & Adlansyah A. Rahman & Raihana Bahru & Islam M. R. Fattah & T. M. Indra Mahlia, 2022. "An overview of palm oil biomass for power generation sector decarbonization in Malaysia: Progress, challenges, and prospects," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(4), July.
    2. Ribó-Pérez, David & Herraiz-Cañete, Ángela & Alfonso-Solar, David & Vargas-Salgado, Carlos & Gómez-Navarro, Tomás, 2021. "Modelling biomass gasifiers in hybrid renewable energy microgrids; a complete procedure for enabling gasifiers simulation in HOMER," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 501-512.
    3. Sadhukhan, Jhuma & Martinez-Hernandez, Elias & Murphy, Richard J. & Ng, Denny K.S. & Hassim, Mimi H. & Siew Ng, Kok & Yoke Kin, Wan & Jaye, Ida Fahani Md & Leung Pah Hang, Melissa Y. & Andiappan, Vikn, 2018. "Role of bioenergy, biorefinery and bioeconomy in sustainable development: Strategic pathways for Malaysia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1966-1987.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Veknesh Arumugam & Ismail Abdullah & Irwan Syah Md Yusoff & Nor Liza Abdullah & Ramli Mohd Tahir & Ahadi Mohd Nasir & Ammar Ehsan Omar & Muhammad Heikal Ismail, 2021. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Solid Waste Generation in the Perspectives of Socioeconomic and People’s Behavior: A Case Study in Serdang, Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-11, November.
    2. Tan, R.R. & Aviso, K.B. & Ng, D.K.S., 2019. "Optimization models for financing innovations in green energy technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Younessi, Hiva Seyed & Bahramara, Salah & Adabi, Farid & Golpîra, Hêmin, 2023. "Modeling the optimal sizing problem of the biogas-based electrical generator in a livestock farm considering a gas storage tank and the anaerobic digester process under the uncertainty of cow dung," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    4. Benoit Mougenot & Jean-Pierre Doussoulin, 2022. "Conceptual evolution of the bioeconomy: a bibliometric analysis," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(1), pages 1031-1047, January.
    5. Merve Nazli Borand & Asli Isler Kaya & Filiz Karaosmanoglu, 2020. "Saccharification Yield through Enzymatic Hydrolysis of the Steam-Exploded Pinewood," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-12, September.
    6. Conteratto, Caroline & Artuzo, Felipe Dalzotto & Benedetti Santos, Omar Inácio & Talamini, Edson, 2021. "Biorefinery: A comprehensive concept for the sociotechnical transition toward bioeconomy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    7. Sanz-Hernández, Alexia & Jiménez-Caballero, Paula & Zarauz, Irene, 2022. "Gender and women in scientific literature on bioeconomy: A systematic review," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    8. Sangjib Kwon & Hyungbae Gil & Seoin Baek & Heetae Kim, 2022. "Optimal Solution for a Renewable-Energy-Generation System at a Private Educational Institute in South Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-11, December.
    9. Roy, Dibyendu & Zhu, Shunmin & Wang, Ruiqi & Mondal, Pradip & Ling-Chin, Janie & Roskilly, Anthony Paul, 2024. "Techno-economic and environmental analyses of hybrid renewable energy systems for a remote location employing machine learning models," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 361(C).
    10. Rahman, Arief & Dargusch, Paul & Wadley, David, 2021. "The political economy of oil supply in Indonesia and the implications for renewable energy development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    11. Ling, Wen Choong & Verasingham, Arati Banu & Andiappan, Viknesh & Wan, Yoke Kin & Chew, Irene M.L. & Ng, Denny K.S., 2019. "An integrated mathematical optimisation approach to synthesise and analyse a bioelectricity supply chain network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 554-571.
    12. Mateus Torres Nazari & Janaína Mazutti & Luana Girardi Basso & Luciane Maria Colla & Luciana Brandli, 2021. "Biofuels and their connections with the sustainable development goals: a bibliometric and systematic review," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(8), pages 11139-11156, August.
    13. Leire Barañano & Naroa Garbisu & Itziar Alkorta & Andrés Araujo & Carlos Garbisu, 2021. "Contextualization of the Bioeconomy Concept through Its Links with Related Concepts and the Challenges Facing Humanity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-18, July.
    14. Hamed, A.S.A. & Yusof, N.I.F.M. & Yahya, M.S. & Cardozo, E. & Munajat, N.F., 2023. "Concentrated solar pyrolysis for oil palm biomass: An exploratory review within the Malaysian context," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    15. Machado, P.G. & Cunha, M. & Walter, A. & Faaij, A. & Guilhoto, J.J.M., 2021. "Biobased economy for Brazil: Impacts and strategies for maximizing socioeconomic benefits," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    16. How, Bing Shen & Ngan, Sue Lin & Hong, Boon Hooi & Lam, Hon Loong & Ng, Wendy Pei Qin & Yusup, Suzana & Ghani, Wan Azlina Wan Abd Karim & Kansha, Yasuki & Chan, Yi Herng & Cheah, Kin Wai & Shahbaz, Mu, 2019. "An outlook of Malaysian biomass industry commercialisation: Perspectives and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1-1.
    17. Sadhukhan, Jhuma, 2022. "Net zero electricity systems in global economies by life cycle assessment (LCA) considering ecosystem, health, monetization, and soil CO2 sequestration impacts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 960-974.
    18. Hidalgo, D. & Martín-Marroquín, J.M. & Corona, F., 2019. "A multi-waste management concept as a basis towards a circular economy model," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 481-489.
    19. Francesco Calise & Francesco Liberato Cappiello & Luca Cimmino & Massimo Dentice d’Accadia & Maria Vicidomini, 2021. "A Review of the State of the Art of Biomethane Production: Recent Advancements and Integration of Renewable Energies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-43, August.
    20. Joseph Oyekale & Mario Petrollese & Vittorio Tola & Giorgio Cau, 2020. "Impacts of Renewable Energy Resources on Effectiveness of Grid-Integrated Systems: Succinct Review of Current Challenges and Potential Solution Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-48, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:17:p:7856-:d:1474428. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.