IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i15p6430-d1444063.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

How Financial Inclusion and Green Innovation Promote Green Economic Growth in Developing Countries

Author

Listed:
  • Sohail Abbas

    (College of Geography and Environmental Science, Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development and Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
    Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education/National Demonstration Center for Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Ghulam Dastgeer

    (Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Samia Nasreen

    (Department of Economics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 44444, Pakistan)

  • Shazia Kousar

    (Department of Economics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 44444, Pakistan)

  • Urooj Riaz

    (Department of Economics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 44444, Pakistan)

  • Saira Arsh

    (Department of Economics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 44444, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Imran

    (Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
    Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of financial inclusion on green economic growth in developing countries. For this purpose, 12 developing countries were selected based on the availability of data: Armenia, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Kenya, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Tunisia. Annual data for the period from 2004 to 2023 were used for this study. The focus of this study is on the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG 13), which requires immediate intervention to address the challenges of climate change and its consequences. This study used principal component analysis (PCA) to construct the financial inclusion index. In this study, we conducted a unit root analysis using the second-generation unit root test. For long-run estimates, we used the Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) model. According to the findings of the study, green innovation (β = 0.052 *), foreign direct investment (β = 0.438 *), and trade openness (β = 0.016 **) have positive and significant impacts on green economic growth (GEG). The extent of the positive effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) is greater, compared to green innovation and trade openness (TR). The results also indicate that financial inclusion (β = −0.241) and population (β = −0.291) have significantly detrimental impacts on GEG. However, the population impacts GEG to a greater extent, compared to financial inclusion. Similarly, results indicate that the negative impact of financial inclusion on GEG is greater than the positive impact of green innovation on GEG. On the basis of the findings of this study, policymakers are advised to promote green innovation, foreign direct investment, and trade openness to promote green economic growth. Moreover, this study suggests that green finance or financial inclusion constrained by environmental quality should be promoted to safeguard environmental quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Sohail Abbas & Ghulam Dastgeer & Samia Nasreen & Shazia Kousar & Urooj Riaz & Saira Arsh & Muhammad Imran, 2024. "How Financial Inclusion and Green Innovation Promote Green Economic Growth in Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:15:p:6430-:d:1444063
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/15/6430/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/15/6430/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ms. Ratna Sahay & Mr. Martin Cihak & Mr. Papa M N'Diaye & Mr. Adolfo Barajas & Ms. Srobona Mitra & Ms. Annette J Kyobe & Yen N Mooi & Mr. Seyed Reza Yousefi, 2015. "Financial Inclusion: Can it Meet Multiple Macroeconomic Goals?," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 2015/017, International Monetary Fund.
    2. Rafael E. De Hoyos & Vasilis Sarafidis, 2006. "Testing for cross-sectional dependence in panel-data models," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 6(4), pages 482-496, December.
    3. Muhammad Subtain Raza & Jun Tang & Sana Rubab & Xin Wen, 2019. "Determining the nexus between financial inclusion and economic development in Pakistan," Journal of Money Laundering Control, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 22(2), pages 195-209, May.
    4. Allen, Franklin & Demirguc-Kunt, Asli & Klapper, Leora & Martinez Peria, Maria Soledad, 2016. "The foundations of financial inclusion: Understanding ownership and use of formal accounts," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 1-30.
    5. Peterson K. Ozili, 2018. "Impact of digital finance on financial inclusion and stability," Borsa Istanbul Review, Research and Business Development Department, Borsa Istanbul, vol. 18(4), pages 329-340, December.
    6. Phillips, Peter C B, 1995. "Fully Modified Least Squares and Vector Autoregression," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 63(5), pages 1023-1078, September.
    7. Pesaran, H.M., 2003. "Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with Cross Section Dependence," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 0305, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    8. Pesaran M.H. & Schuermann T. & Weiner S.M., 2004. "Modeling Regional Interdependencies Using a Global Error-Correcting Macroeconometric Model," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 22, pages 129-162, April.
    9. Ozili, Peterson Kitakogelu, 2018. "Impact of Digital Finance on Financial Inclusion and Stability," MPRA Paper 84771, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Sinha, Avik & Shahbaz, Muhammad, 2018. "Estimation of Environmental Kuznets Curve for CO2 emission: Role of renewable energy generation in India," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 703-711.
    11. Ratna Sahay & Martin Cihak & Papa M N'Diaye & Adolfo Barajas & Srobona Mitra & Annette J Kyobe & Yen N Mooi & Seyed Reza Yousefi, 2015. "Financial Inclusion; Can it Meet Multiple Macroeconomic Goals?," IMF Staff Discussion Notes 15/17, International Monetary Fund.
    12. Mr. Adolfo Barajas & Thorsten Beck & Mohammed Belhaj & Sami Ben Naceur, 2020. "Financial Inclusion: What Have We Learned So Far? What Do We Have to Learn?," IMF Working Papers 2020/157, International Monetary Fund.
    13. Sohag, Kazi & Taşkın, F. Dilvin & Malik, Muhammad Nasir, 2019. "Green economic growth, cleaner energy and militarization: Evidence from Turkey," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 1-1.
    14. Peter Pedroni, 1999. "Critical Values for Cointegration Tests in Heterogeneous Panels with Multiple Regressors," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 61(S1), pages 653-670, November.
    15. Zhao, Shuang & Zhang, Liqun & Peng, Lin & Zhou, Haiyan & Hu, Feng, 2024. "Enterprise pollution reduction through digital transformation? Evidence from Chinese manufacturing enterprises," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    16. Bai, Jushan & Ng, Serena, 2010. "Panel Unit Root Tests With Cross-Section Dependence: A Further Investigation," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 26(4), pages 1088-1114, August.
    17. Kao, Chihwa, 1999. "Spurious regression and residual-based tests for cointegration in panel data," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 90(1), pages 1-44, May.
    18. repec:bla:obuest:v:61:y:1999:i:0:p:653-70 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Li Wang & Yanan Wang & Youxia Sun & Kaiji Han & Yuetong Chen, 2022. "Financial inclusion and green economic efficiency: evidence from China," Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 65(2), pages 240-271, January.
    20. Abiola A. Babajide & Folasade B. Adegboye & Alexander E. Omankhanlen, 2015. "Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth in Nigeria," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 5(3), pages 629-637.
    21. Townsend, Robert & Dabla-Norris, Era & Ji, Yan & Unsal, Filiz, 2017. "Distinguishing Constraints on Financial Inclusion and Their Impact on GDP and Inequality," CEPR Discussion Papers 11742, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    22. Bagheri, Mehdi & Guevara, Zeus & Alikarami, Mohammad & Kennedy, Christopher A. & Doluweera, Ganesh, 2018. "Green growth planning: A multi-factor energy input-output analysis of the Canadian economy," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 708-720.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Tao Huang & Haili Xia, 2024. "How Can Digital–Real Economy Integration Affect Urban Green Innovation? Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(24), pages 1-25, December.
    2. Marwan Mansour & Mohammad Fawzi Shubita & Abdalwali Lutfi & Mohammed W. A. Saleh & Mohamed Saad, 2024. "Female CEOs and Green Innovation: Evidence from Asian Firms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(21), pages 1-20, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Damane, Moeti & Ho, Sin-Yu, 2024. "Effects of financial inclusion on financial stability: evidence from ssa countries," MPRA Paper 120238, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Peterson K. Ozili, 2021. "Financial inclusion research around the world: A review," Forum for Social Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(4), pages 457-479, October.
    3. US Thathsarani & Jianguo Wei & GRSRC Samaraweera, 2021. "Financial Inclusion’s Role in Economic Growth and Human Capital in South Asia: An Econometric Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, April.
    4. Damane, Moeti & Ho, Sin-Yu, 2024. "The impact of financial inclusion on financial stability: review of theories and international evidence," MPRA Paper 120369, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Ozili, Peterson K, 2020. "Theories of financial inclusion," MPRA Paper 101810, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Ozili, Peterson Kitakogelu, 2022. "Financial inclusion in Nigeria: an overview," MPRA Paper 113572, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Ma, Yechi & Ding, Yibing & Bu, Ziwen & Li, Suyang, 2024. "Political freedom and financial inclusion: Unraveling social trust and political rent-seeking," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 46-65.
    8. Akbar, Syed Waqar & Rehman, Ajid Ur & Bouri, Elie & Ijaz, Muhammad Shahzad & Arshad, Imran, 2024. "Socio-economic issues and bank stability: The moderating role of competition," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    9. Mehmet Balcilar & Ojonugwa Usman & George N. Ike, 2023. "Investing green for sustainable development without ditching economic growth," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(2), pages 728-743, April.
    10. Nkambule, Maxwell Banele, 2022. "The financial inclusion status of rural households in Eswatini," Research Theses 334766, Collaborative Masters Program in Agricultural and Applied Economics.
    11. Pradhan, Rudra P. & Arvin, Mak B. & Nair, Mahendhiran S. & Hall, John H. & Bennett, Sara E., 2021. "Sustainable economic development in India: The dynamics between financial inclusion, ICT development, and economic growth," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    12. Peterson K. Ozili, 2022. "Financial inclusion washing," Journal of Financial Crime, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 30(5), pages 1140-1149, August.
    13. Xuan T. T. Pham & Thu B. Luu, 2024. "Effect of FinCredit on income inequality: the moderating role of financial inclusion," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 62(3), pages 953-969, April.
    14. Kouladoum, Jean-Claude & Wirajing, Muhamadu Awal Kindzeka & Nchofoung, Tii N., 2022. "Digital technologies and financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(9).
    15. Mirza, Faisal Mehmood & Sinha, Avik & Khan, Javeria Rehman & Kalugina, Olga A. & Zafar, Muhammad Wasif, 2022. "Impact of Energy Efficiency on CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Developing Countries," MPRA Paper 111923, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2022.
    16. Tekeste Berhanu Lakew & Hossein Azadi, 2020. "Financial Inclusion in Ethiopia: Is It on the Right Track?," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-13, May.
    17. Vuković, Darko B. & Hassan, M. Kabir & Kwakye, Bernard & Febtinugraini, Armike & Shakib, Mohammed, 2024. "Does fintech matter for financial inclusion and financial stability in BRICS markets?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    18. Menyelim M. Chima & Abiola Ayopo Babajide & Alex Adegboye & Segun Kehinde & Oluwatobi Fasheyitan, 2021. "The Relevance of Financial Inclusion on Sustainable Economic Growth in Sub-Saharan African Nations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-20, May.
    19. María-Jesús Gallego-Losada & Antonio Montero-Navarro & Rocío Gallego-Losada & José-Luis Rodríguez-Sánchez, 2024. "Measuring financial divide in the rural environment. The potential role of the digital transformation of finance," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 2791-2810, December.
    20. Ajah, EA & Etowa, EB & Effa, EB & Ofem, UI & Iso, HE & Ettah, OI & Asuquo, IA, 2024. "Financial Inclusion Of Urban Agro-Processors: Effect Of Credit On Poverty Status Of Roasted Plantain Vendors In Calabar, Nigeria," African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (AJFAND), African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development (AJFAND), vol. 24(1), January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:15:p:6430-:d:1444063. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.