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Activated Carbons for Removing Ammonia from Piggery Vent Air: A Promising Tool for Mitigating the Environmental Impact of Large-Scale Pig Breeding

Author

Listed:
  • Hanna Fałtynowicz

    (Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, ul. Gdańska 7/9, 50-436 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Jan Kaczmarczyk

    (Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, ul. Gdańska 7/9, 50-436 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Rafał Łużny

    (Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, ul. Gdańska 7/9, 50-436 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Karolina Jaroszewska

    (Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, ul. Gdańska 7/9, 50-436 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Katarzyna Pstrowska

    (Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, ul. Gdańska 7/9, 50-436 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Sylwia Hull

    (Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, ul. Gdańska 7/9, 50-436 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Marek Kułażyński

    (Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, ul. Gdańska 7/9, 50-436 Wrocław, Poland
    Innovation and Implementation Company Ekomotor Ltd., ul. Wyścigowa 1A, 53-011 Wrocław, Poland)

  • Karol Postawa

    (Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, ul. Gdańska 7/9, 50-436 Wrocław, Poland)

Abstract

Unsustainable pig breeding is a great threat to the environment. Ammonia is one of the main pollutants emitted in piggery vent air. This work is a comparative survey that presents the findings on the effectiveness of ammonia adsorption from air using various activated carbons (ACs). Detailed consideration is given to the effects of (i) type of raw material (wood char, wood pellet, and commercial lignite-based char), (ii) preparation method (CO 2 , steam, and KOH activation), and (iii) activation conditions (temperature and KOH/char ratio), on the porous structure of ACs and their ammonia sorption capacity and reversibility. Response surface methodology and genetic algorithm were used to find optimum KOH activation conditions. Economic analyses of AC production were performed using process modeling in Aspen software. It was found that ACs obtained from wood char in KOH activation show a maximum ammonia capacity of 397 g/kg, which is at least 2.5-fold higher than that reached on ACs from physical activation. A lower activation temperature (<750 °C) and a higher KOH/char ratio (>3) were preferred for effective adsorption, regardless of the type of feedstock. High sorption reversibility was achieved (87–96%). This makes the obtained sorbents promising sorbents for ammonia removal from piggery vent air with potential subsequent application as nitrogen-enriched biochar for crop fertilization. Thus, it facilitates sustainable pig breeding.

Suggested Citation

  • Hanna Fałtynowicz & Jan Kaczmarczyk & Rafał Łużny & Karolina Jaroszewska & Katarzyna Pstrowska & Sylwia Hull & Marek Kułażyński & Karol Postawa, 2024. "Activated Carbons for Removing Ammonia from Piggery Vent Air: A Promising Tool for Mitigating the Environmental Impact of Large-Scale Pig Breeding," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-24, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:14:p:6122-:d:1437368
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rong Ma & Ke Li & Yixin Guo & Bo Zhang & Xueli Zhao & Soeren Linder & ChengHe Guan & Guoqian Chen & Yujie Gan & Jing Meng, 2021. "Mitigation potential of global ammonia emissions and related health impacts in the trade network," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Rong Ma & Ke Li & Yixin Guo & Bo Zhang & Xueli Zhao & Soeren Linder & ChengHe Guan & Guoqian Chen & Yujie Gan & Jing Meng, 2021. "Publisher Correction: Mitigation potential of global ammonia emissions and related health impacts in the trade network," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-1, December.
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