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Aligning Stakeholders and Actors: A New Safety and Security-Based Design Approach for Major National Infrastructures

Author

Listed:
  • Svana Helen Björnsdóttir

    (Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland)

  • Pall Jensson

    (Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland)

  • Saemundur E. Thorsteinsson

    (Department of Engineering, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland)

  • Ioannis M. Dokas

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece)

  • Helgi Thor Ingason

    (Department of Engineering, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland)

Abstract

This study introduces a systems-theoretic methodology to meet the requirements of a major national infrastructure for safety and security-based design by enhancing the alignment of stakeholders and actors in the project. Safe-by-Design (SbD) is an engineering concept for risk management that considers safety as much as possible in the design phase. The article presents the results of a case study conducted to investigate the efficacy of recent system safety models and analysis techniques in the major national infrastructure of a Waste-to-Energy (WtE) project under consideration in Iceland. The structures and roles within the system responsible for constructing the WtE plant, given the sustainability and circular economy restrictions, are addressed in the study. Stakeholders’ roles and responsibilities are analyzed, yielding their feedback on potential risks and creating a positive image of the project. Also, suitable ways to enter the project and finance it are devised. In essence, this enables the creation of a safety and security-based design approach. Furthermore, detailed documentation of the system model development is presented. The novelty of the study lies in the application of STAM, STPA, and STECA as an SbD approach for a major infrastructure project. Also, the methods discussed here have not been used in a WtE project as far as we know.

Suggested Citation

  • Svana Helen Björnsdóttir & Pall Jensson & Saemundur E. Thorsteinsson & Ioannis M. Dokas & Helgi Thor Ingason, 2023. "Aligning Stakeholders and Actors: A New Safety and Security-Based Design Approach for Major National Infrastructures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-44, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2023:i:1:p:328-:d:1310221
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pieter van Gelder & Pim Klaassen & Behnam Taebi & Bart Walhout & Ruud van Ommen & Ibo van de Poel & Zoe Robaey & Lotte Asveld & Ruud Balkenende & Frank Hollmann & Erik Jan van Kampen & Nima Khakzad & , 2021. "Safe-by-Design in Engineering: An Overview and Comparative Analysis of Engineering Disciplines," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-28, June.
    2. Xu, Yelin & Chan, Albert P.C. & Xia, Bo & Qian, Queena K. & Liu, Yong & Peng, Yi, 2015. "Critical risk factors affecting the implementation of PPP waste-to-energy projects in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 403-411.
    3. Agaton, Casper Boongaling & Guno, Charmaine Samala & Villanueva, Resy Ordona & Villanueva, Riza Ordona, 2020. "Economic analysis of waste-to-energy investment in the Philippines: A real options approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    4. Samantha Miles, 2017. "Stakeholder Theory Classification: A Theoretical and Empirical Evaluation of Definitions," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 142(3), pages 437-459, May.
    5. Britte Bouchaut & Lotte Asveld, 2020. "Safe‐by‐Design: Stakeholders’ Perceptions and Expectations of How to Deal with Uncertain Risks of Emerging Biotechnologies in the Netherlands," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 40(8), pages 1632-1644, August.
    6. Svana Helen Björnsdottir & Pall Jensson & Saemundur E. Thorsteinsson & Ioannis M. Dokas & Robert J. de Boer, 2022. "Benchmarking ISO Risk Management Systems to Assess Efficacy and Help Identify Hidden Organizational Risk," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-33, April.
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