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A Comparative Study on the Crystalline and Surface Properties of Carbonized Mesoporous Coconut Shell Chars

Author

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  • Zaib Un Nisa

    (Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Lee Kean Chuan

    (Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Beh Hoe Guan

    (Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Faiz Ahmad

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

  • Saba Ayub

    (Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia)

Abstract

In the present work, the facile thermal decomposition of raw coconut shells was carried out for the exploitation of the role of inert gas in the carbonization process and its role in determining the morphology, crystallographic parameters, and surface area of biochar before activation. The comparative investigation of mesoporous carbonized products synthesized with the muffle and tube furnace was carried out at a similar temperature and an assessment was made with a commercial carbon. The focus of the work was aimed at the interpretation of surface morphology, elemental identification, phase composition, interplanar spacing, full-width half maximum, crystallite size, lateral size, number of layers, dislocation density, microstrain, packing density, crystallinity index, and the specific surface area of the product obtained from two different approaches. It was revealed that the carbonized coconut shell chars obtained from the tube furnace have better characteristics to be activated further for carbon black synthesis. So, the flow of inert gas in a tube furnace is demonstrated to have a key role in improving the attributes of coconut shell chars.

Suggested Citation

  • Zaib Un Nisa & Lee Kean Chuan & Beh Hoe Guan & Faiz Ahmad & Saba Ayub, 2023. "A Comparative Study on the Crystalline and Surface Properties of Carbonized Mesoporous Coconut Shell Chars," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:6464-:d:1120517
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marcello Pagliero & Marina Alloisio & Camilla Costa & Raffaella Firpo & Ermias Ararsa Mideksa & Antonio Comite, 2022. "Carbon Black/Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposite Membranes for Direct Solar Distillation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-13, January.
    2. Sekhon, Satpal Singh & Kaur, Prabhsharan & Park, Jin-Soo, 2021. "From coconut shell biomass to oxygen reduction reaction catalyst: Tuning porosity and nitrogen doping," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    3. Gisele Amaral-Labat & Manuella Gobbo C. Munhoz & Beatriz Carvalho da Silva Fonseca & Alan Fernando Ney Boss & Patricia de Almeida-Mattos & Flavia Lega Braghiroli & Hassine Bouafif & Ahmed Koubaa & Gui, 2021. "Xerogel-like Materials from Sustainable Sources: Properties and Electrochemical Performances," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-14, November.
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