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The Possibility of Achieving Zero CO 2 Emission in the Indonesian Cement Industry by 2050: A Stakeholder System Dynamic Perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Iman Junianto

    (Department of Sustainability Science, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Dipati Ukur 35, Bandung 40132, Indonesia)

  • Sunardi

    (Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia)

  • Dadan Sumiarsa

    (Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjajaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia)

Abstract

According to the SDG on climate change, Indonesia is expected to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060 or sooner, as outlined in the long-term low-carbon and climate resilience strategies implemented by the country’s president. Therefore, this research aims to apply the system dynamic model to simulate sustainable targets for CO 2 emission reductions until 2050. The simulation was limited to factors influencing the cement industry’s CO 2 , as described in the IEA’s recommendations, and the scenarios were based on the AHP (analytical hierarchy process) results from the stakeholders. The simulation results showed that the realistic target for sustainable CO 2 emission reduction in Indonesia by 2050 was the scenario from the combined stakeholders with 450 kgCO 2 eq/ton cement, corresponding to a 27% decrease in emissions from the 2020 baseline. This serves as input for interested parties to showcase the efforts of reducing CO 2 emissions, and provides recommendations for the achievements by (1) determining carbon taxes and revising cement product standards to further increase the clinker substitution rate; (2) developing an RDF (refused derived fuel) waste-processing plant independently to increase alternative fuel use; (3) ensuring the efficiency of electrical energy by increasing renewable energy sources; (4) integrating carbon capture and storage technology in cement plants.

Suggested Citation

  • Iman Junianto & Sunardi & Dadan Sumiarsa, 2023. "The Possibility of Achieving Zero CO 2 Emission in the Indonesian Cement Industry by 2050: A Stakeholder System Dynamic Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:6085-:d:1113159
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ansari, Nastaran & Seifi, Abbas, 2013. "A system dynamics model for analyzing energy consumption and CO2 emission in Iranian cement industry under various production and export scenarios," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 75-89.
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    3. Thomas L. Saaty, 2013. "The Modern Science of Multicriteria Decision Making and Its Practical Applications: The AHP/ANP Approach," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 61(5), pages 1101-1118, October.
    4. Xu, Jin-Hua & Fleiter, Tobias & Fan, Ying & Eichhammer, Wolfgang, 2014. "CO2 emissions reduction potential in China’s cement industry compared to IEA’s Cement Technology Roadmap up to 2050," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 592-602.
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    1. Chunlei Zhou & Donghai Xuan & Yuhan Miao & Xiaohu Luo & Wensi Liu & Yihong Zhang, 2023. "Accounting CO 2 Emissions of the Cement Industry: Based on an Electricity–Carbon Coupling Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-13, May.
    2. Yangbin Zhang & Yuhan Chen & Fengshan Jiang & Zhanting Deng & Zhiqiang Xie & Yuning Zhang & Ping Wen, 2023. "A Comprehensive Study of the Suitability of Urban Underground Spaces for Connection Development: A Case Study of the Erhai Lake Basin, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, April.

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