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Monitoring Root and Shoot Characteristics for the Sustainable Growth of Barley Using an IoT-Enabled Hydroponic System and AquaCrop Simulator

Author

Listed:
  • Monica Dutta

    (Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Deepali Gupta

    (Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India)

  • Yasir Javed

    (College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 12435, Saudi Arabia)

  • Khalid Mohiuddin

    (Department of Management Information System, College of Business, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia)

  • Sapna Juneja

    (Department of Computer and Information Sciences, International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia)

  • Zafar Iqbal Khan

    (College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 12435, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ali Nauman

    (Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 712-010, Republic of Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

Vertical farming methods are gaining importance in the current era of urbanization and industrialization 5.0. These methods of farming enhance sustainability by consuming less space and reducing carbon emissions and greenhouse gas emissions. The Green Internet of Things (G-IoT) offers greater environmental sustainability by switching to a dormant mode while not in use, thereby consuming less energy. Each farming method has a different effect on the shoot and root growth of the plants. Thus, dedicated farming methods must be identified for each crop according to the type of crop under consideration. This leads to a need to compare and analyze the root as well as shoot growth trends of crops in different cultivation mediums, using different cultivation methods, thereby identifying the most suitable method for the cultivation of the crop. A comparative analysis of barley shoot and root growth in green IoT-embedded hydroponics and substrate cultivation methods has shown that hydroponics exhibits two times more shoot growth than substrate cultivation. Furthermore, the results were verified against the results obtained from the simulator, which confirmed that the hydroponic method of cultivation produced a year-round qualitative product with 17.112 tons of biomass and 8.556 tons of dry yield.

Suggested Citation

  • Monica Dutta & Deepali Gupta & Yasir Javed & Khalid Mohiuddin & Sapna Juneja & Zafar Iqbal Khan & Ali Nauman, 2023. "Monitoring Root and Shoot Characteristics for the Sustainable Growth of Barley Using an IoT-Enabled Hydroponic System and AquaCrop Simulator," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-17, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:4396-:d:1084717
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sundaram Manikandan & Ganesan Kaliyaperumal & Saqib Hakak & Thippa Reddy Gadekallu, 2022. "Curve-Aware Model Predictive Control (C-MPC) Trajectory Tracking for Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) over On-Road, In-Door, and Agricultural-Land," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-24, September.
    2. Kanwalpreet Kour & Deepali Gupta & Kamali Gupta & Sapna Juneja & Manjit Kaur & Amal H. Alharbi & Heung-No Lee, 2022. "Controlling Agronomic Variables of Saffron Crop Using IoT for Sustainable Agriculture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-16, May.
    3. Lenka Wimmerova & Zdenek Keken & Olga Solcova & Lubomir Bartos & Marketa Spacilova, 2022. "A Comparative LCA of Aeroponic, Hydroponic, and Soil Cultivations of Bioactive Substance Producing Plants," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-14, February.
    4. Sharnil Pandya & Thippa Reddy Gadekallu & Praveen Kumar Reddy Maddikunta & Rohit Sharma, 2022. "A Study of the Impacts of Air Pollution on the Agricultural Community and Yield Crops (Indian Context)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-17, October.
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