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Suitability Evaluation of Human Settlements Using a Global Sensitivity Analysis Method: A Case Study in China

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  • Feifei Wu

    (Key Laboratory of Radiation Environment & Health of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China)

  • Xiaohua Yang

    (State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

  • Bing Lian

    (Key Laboratory of Radiation Environment & Health of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China)

  • Yan Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Radiation Environment & Health of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China)

  • Jing Kang

    (Key Laboratory of Radiation Environment & Health of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China Institute for Radiation Protection, Taiyuan 030006, China)

Abstract

The suitability evaluation of human settlements over time and space is essential to track potential challenges towards suitable human settlements and provide references for policy-makers. This study established a theoretical framework of human settlements based on the nature, human, economy, society, and residence subsystems. Evaluation indicators were determined with the consideration of the coupling effect among subsystems. Based on the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test algorithm, the global sensitivity analysis was used to determine the weights of indicators. The human settlement suitability was evaluated in 30 provinces of China between 2000 and 2016. The findings were as follows: (1) human settlement suitability index (HSSI) values increased significantly in all 30 provinces from 2000 to 2016. The suitability index of the residence subsystem in China exhibited the fastest growth, followed by the society and economy subsystems. (2) HSSI in eastern provinces with a developed economy was higher than that in western provinces with an underdeveloped economy. In contrast, the growth rate of HSSI in eastern provinces was significantly higher than that in western provinces. (3) The inter-provincial difference in HSSI narrowed down from 2000 to 2016. For subsystems, the difference narrowed down for the residence system, whereas it widened for the economy system. (4) The suitability of the nature subsystem has become a limiting factor for the improvement of human settlement suitability, especially in economically developed provinces, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong. The results can be helpful to support decision-making and policy for improving the quality of human settlements in a broad nature, human, economy, society, and residence context.

Suggested Citation

  • Feifei Wu & Xiaohua Yang & Bing Lian & Yan Wang & Jing Kang, 2023. "Suitability Evaluation of Human Settlements Using a Global Sensitivity Analysis Method: A Case Study in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:4380-:d:1084487
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fan Xu & Guoquan Zheng & Qianda Zhuang, 2022. "Study on the Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Divergence of Rural Human Settlement Quality of Mountainous Counties in Zhejiang, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-20, November.
    2. Mark Elder & Magnus Bengtsson & Lewis Akenji, 2016. "An Optimistic Analysis of the Means of Implementation for Sustainable Development Goals: Thinking about Goals as Means," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-24, September.
    3. Wenfei Luan & Ling Lu & Xin Li & Chunfeng Ma, 2017. "Weight Determination of Sustainable Development Indicators Using a Global Sensitivity Analysis Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-13, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Qingqing Yang & Yanhui Gao & Xiaoshu Cao & Jie Yang, 2023. "Contributions and Resistances to Vulnerability of Rural Human Settlements System in Agricultural Areas of Chinese Loess Plateau since 1980," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-31, July.
    2. Wenqing Fu & Renfeng Ma & Xianjun Liang & Yiran Zhao & Lingzhi Wu & Maoyu Luo & Yanjun Mao, 2023. "Perception Analysis of the Transformation from a Fishery-Led to Industry-Led Island with its Human Settlement Changes: A Case Study of Liuheng Island, Zhoushan City, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-21, August.
    3. Huirong Chen & Jianzhong Yang & Jinliang Wang, 2024. "Spatio-Temporal Pattern and Vulnerability Assessment of the Human Settlements along the Beibu Gulf Coast of Guangxi, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-18, March.

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