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Eco-Friendly Biocontrol of Moniliasis in Ecuadorian Cocoa Using Biplot Techniques

Author

Listed:
  • Juan Diego Valenzuela-Cobos

    (Centro de Estudios Estadísticos, Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI), Milagro 091050, Ecuador)

  • Fabricio Guevara-Viejó

    (Centro de Estudios Estadísticos, Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI), Milagro 091050, Ecuador)

  • Purificación Vicente-Galindo

    (Centro de Estudios Estadísticos, Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI), Milagro 091050, Ecuador
    Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
    Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain)

  • Purificación Galindo-Villardón

    (Centro de Estudios Estadísticos, Universidad Estatal de Milagro (UNEMI), Milagro 091050, Ecuador
    Department of Statistics, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
    Centro de Investigación Institucional, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Av. Viel 1497, Santiago 8370993, Chile)

Abstract

Cocoa is the main crop in Ecuador’s agricultural sector and is the most important to the country’s economy. This crop is mainly threatened by moniliasis caused by Moniliophthora roreri and Moniliophthora perniciosa . Monialisis is a disease that causes the watery rot of cocoa beans, causing serious yield losses at crop harvest and great economic losses. In this research, we used 50 Trichoderma spp. cultivated in two culture media, PDA and MEA, to demonstrate mycelial growth and antagonistic capacity against two cacao-crop pathogens: M. roreri and M. perniciosa . Multivariate methods, namely a PCA biplot and a GGE biplot, indicated that four strains of Trichoderma spp. (17, 33, 42 and 44) cultivated on the PDA medium had the highest mycelial characteristic values and antagonistic capacities against Moniliophthora perniciosa. The experimental test showed that the lowest incidence of moniliasis and highest yield of cocoa occurred when using the treatments based on the Trichoderma spp. The results obtained in this study allow the use of strain 42 to control moniliasis in cocoa, avoiding economic losses.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan Diego Valenzuela-Cobos & Fabricio Guevara-Viejó & Purificación Vicente-Galindo & Purificación Galindo-Villardón, 2023. "Eco-Friendly Biocontrol of Moniliasis in Ecuadorian Cocoa Using Biplot Techniques," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:4223-:d:1081218
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Juan Diego Valenzuela-Cobos & Fabricio Guevara-Viejó & Purificación Vicente-Galindo & Purificación Galindo-Villardón, 2022. "Food Sustainability Study in Ecuador: Using PCA Biplot and GGE Biplot," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-11, October.
    2. Alexis H. Villacis & Jeffrey R. Alwang & Victor Barrera & Juan Dominguez, 2022. "Prices, specialty varieties, and postharvest practices: Insights from cacao value chains in Ecuador," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 38(2), pages 426-458, April.
    3. Aurelio Ortiz & Estibaliz Sansinenea, 2022. "The Role of Beneficial Microorganisms in Soil Quality and Plant Health," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-13, April.
    4. Mohsen Niazian & Gniewko Niedbała, 2020. "Machine Learning for Plant Breeding and Biotechnology," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-23, September.
    5. Mohamed Hashem & Yasser S. Mostafa & Saad Alamri & Ahmed M. Abbas & Ebrahem M. Eid, 2021. "Exploitation of Agro-Industrial Residues for the Formulation of a New Active and Cost Effective Biofungicide to Control the Root Rot of Vegetable Crops," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-13, August.
    6. Christoph Jensch & Axel Schmidt & Jochen Strube, 2022. "Versatile Green Processing for Recovery of Phenolic Compounds from Natural Product Extracts towards Bioeconomy and Cascade Utilization for Waste Valorization on the Example of Cocoa Bean Shell (CBS)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-16, March.
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