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Response of Soil Environment and Microbial Community Structure to Different Ratios of Long-Term Straw Return and Nitrogen Fertilizer in Wheat–Maize System

Author

Listed:
  • Man Yu

    (Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China)

  • Qingxia Wang

    (Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China)

  • Yao Su

    (Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China)

  • Hui Xi

    (Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China)

  • Yuying Qiao

    (Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China)

  • Zhanlin Guo

    (Institute of Plant nutrient, Environment and Resource, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China)

  • Yunlong Wang

    (Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China)

  • Alin Shen

    (Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
    Institute of Plant nutrient, Environment and Resource, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China)

Abstract

To determine the reasonable rate of straw return and nitrogen (N) fertilizer use which may maintain soil ecosystem health, we analyzed their soil microbial biomass and composition in a 10-year field experiment with different rates of straw return (50%, 100%) and N fertilizer (270, 360, 450, 540 kg N ha −1 yr −1 ) by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and high-throughput sequencing. A rate of 50% straw return combined with 450 or 540 kg N ha −1 yr −1 effectively increased the soil available nutrient contents mainly for total nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorus. Total PLFAs indicated that straw return combined with N fertilizer promoted soil microbial growth and increased biomass. A rate of 100% straw return with 450 kg N ha −1 yr −1 was not conducive to the stability of the soil ecosystem according to the ratio of fungi to bacteria (F:B). The similar rate of straw returning and the similar level of nitrogen fertilizer application will be divided into the same cluster using a heatmap analysis. Some saprophytic fungi or pathogens became the dominant fungi genera, such as Gibberella , Sarocladium, Pseudallescheria , and Mycosphaerella , in the treatments with 100% straw returning combining higher N fertilizer (>450 kg ha −1 yr −1 yr −1 added). The relative abundances of some heavy metal-tolerant bacteria, such as those in Proteobacteria and Chlorobi, increased in the soils in the 100% straw return treatments. Therefore, the combined application of 100% straw returning and higher N fertilizer (>450 kg ha −1 yr −1 ) added long-term was not appropriate for soil health, which will lead to the risk of disease and pollution in soil.

Suggested Citation

  • Man Yu & Qingxia Wang & Yao Su & Hui Xi & Yuying Qiao & Zhanlin Guo & Yunlong Wang & Alin Shen, 2023. "Response of Soil Environment and Microbial Community Structure to Different Ratios of Long-Term Straw Return and Nitrogen Fertilizer in Wheat–Maize System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-16, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:3:p:1986-:d:1042281
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wang, Dongyan & Guo, Liping & Zheng, Lei & Zhang, Yigong & Yang, Rongquan & Li, Ming & Ma, Fen & Zhang, Xinyue & Li, Yingchun, 2019. "Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and water management practices on nitrogen leaching from a typical open field used for vegetable planting in northern China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 913-921.
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    Cited by:

    1. Barbara Breza-Boruta & Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska, 2023. "Effect of Microbial Preparation and Biomass Incorporation on Soil Biological and Chemical Properties," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-19, April.

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