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Variation of Stem CO 2 Efflux and Estimation of Its Contribution to the Ecosystem Respiration in an Even-Aged Pure Rubber Plantation of Hainan Island

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  • Bo Song

    (College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
    Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
    Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China)

  • Zhixiang Wu

    (Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
    Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China)

  • Lu Dong

    (College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
    Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou 571127, China)

  • Chuan Yang

    (Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
    Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China)

  • Siqi Yang

    (College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
    Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
    Hainan Danzhou Tropical Agro-Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Danzhou 571737, China)

Abstract

The stem CO 2 efflux ( Es ) plays an important role in the carbon balance in forest ecosystems. However, a majority of studies focus on ecosystem flux, and little is known about the contribution of stem respiration to ecosystem respiration (Reco) for rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis ) plantations. We used a portable CO 2 analyzer to monitor the rate of Es in situ at different heights (1.5 m, 3.0 m and 4.5 m) in an even-aged rubber plantation from 2019 to 2020. Our results showed that Es exhibited a significant seasonal difference with a minimum value in April and a maximum in September. The mean annual rate of Es at 3.0 m in height (1.65 ± 0.52 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 ) was slightly higher than Es at 4.5 m in height (1.56 ± 0.59 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 ) and Es at 1.5 m in height (1.51 ± 0.48 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 ). No obvious differences in vertical variations were found. An area-based method ( Ea ) and a volume-based method ( Ev ) were used to estimate stem respiration at stand levels. One-way ANOVA showed that Ea had no obvious differences in vertical variation ( p = 0.62), and Ev indicated differences in vertical variation ( p < 0.05). Therefore, the Ea chamber-based measurements at breast height were reasonable and practical extrapolation proxies of stem respiration in an even-aged rubber plantation. With the use of the area-based method, the stem carbon values released from a mature rubber forest were estimated to be 1.214 t C·hm −2 ·a −1 in 2019 and 1.414 t C·hm −2 ·a −1 in 2020. Ea /Reco and Ev /Reco showed seasonal changes, with a minimum value in April and a maximum value in December. The leaf area index (LAI) and soil volumetric moisture content (VWC) were the major impact factors of Ea /Reco in an even-aged pure rubber plantation.

Suggested Citation

  • Bo Song & Zhixiang Wu & Lu Dong & Chuan Yang & Siqi Yang, 2023. "Variation of Stem CO 2 Efflux and Estimation of Its Contribution to the Ecosystem Respiration in an Even-Aged Pure Rubber Plantation of Hainan Island," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-15, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:22:p:16050-:d:1282292
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ben Bond-Lamberty & Allison Thomson, 2010. "Temperature-associated increases in the global soil respiration record," Nature, Nature, vol. 464(7288), pages 579-582, March.
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