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Sequestration of Lead Ion in Aqueous Solution onto Chemically Pretreated Pycnanthus angolensis Seed Husk: Implications for Wastewater Treatment

Author

Listed:
  • Arinze Longinus Ezugwu

    (Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410105, Enugu State, Nigeria)

  • Hillary Onyeka Abugu

    (Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410105, Enugu State, Nigeria)

  • Ifeanyi Adolphus Ucheana

    (Central Science Laboratory, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410105, Enugu State, Nigeria)

  • Samson Ifeanyi Eze

    (Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410105, Enugu State, Nigeria)

  • Johnbosco C. Egbueri

    (Department of Geology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Awka 432107, Uli Anambra State, Nigeria)

  • Victor Sunday Aigbodion

    (Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa)

  • Kovo Godfrey Akpomie

    (Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410105, Enugu State, Nigeria
    Department of Chemistry, University of Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa)

Abstract

This novel study investigated and proposes the use of Pycnanthus angolensis seed husk for the sequestration of Pb(II) from contaminated solutions, with the aim of contributing to the urgent need for accessibility to quality water, sustainable management of water and the environment in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The activated Pycnanthus angolensis seed husk was developed by modifying the pure sample (P-PA) with ethylene-glycol (E-PA) and Iso-butanol (I-PA). Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyzer, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) were used to characterize the adsorbents before and after adsorption. The batch adsorption studies carried out revealed the highest adsorption of Pb(II) at pH 6 and 180 min for all the adsorbents. The functional groups, as well as the shifts in peaks after modification, were confirmed using FTIR analysis. In addition, SEM images show a heterogeneous, rough surface with sufficient cavities of the adsorbent after modification. The physiochemical characteristics indicated that BET pore volume and pore diameter increased for E-PA and I-PA compared to P-PA. The experimental data obtained indicated that Langmuir and pseudo-first-order (PFO) best described the isotherm and kinetic models, respectively. The adsorption mechanism revealed that the adsorption of Pb(II) was controlled mainly by pore filling, while electrostatic interaction, surface complexation, and ionic exchange also occurred minimally. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔH° and ΔG°, suggest an endothermic and spontaneous adsorption process, respectively. The findings in this study indicate that Pycnanthus angolensis seed husks offer cost-effective and sustainable solutions that are readily accessible for wastewater treatment.

Suggested Citation

  • Arinze Longinus Ezugwu & Hillary Onyeka Abugu & Ifeanyi Adolphus Ucheana & Samson Ifeanyi Eze & Johnbosco C. Egbueri & Victor Sunday Aigbodion & Kovo Godfrey Akpomie, 2023. "Sequestration of Lead Ion in Aqueous Solution onto Chemically Pretreated Pycnanthus angolensis Seed Husk: Implications for Wastewater Treatment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-24, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:21:p:15446-:d:1270807
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Aminur Rahman & Kazuhiro Yoshida & Mohammed Monirul Islam & Genta Kobayashi, 2023. "Investigation of Efficient Adsorption of Toxic Heavy Metals (Chromium, Lead, Cadmium) from Aquatic Environment Using Orange Peel Cellulose as Adsorbent," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, March.
    2. Rooma Waqar & Muhammad Kaleem & Javed Iqbal & Lubna Anjum Minhas & Muhammad Haris & Wadie Chalgham & Ajaz Ahmad & Abdul Samad Mumtaz, 2023. "Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies on the Adsorption of Lead and Cadmium from Aqueous Solution Using Scenedesmus sp," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-18, March.
    3. Aminur Rahman & Md Azizul Haque & Sibdas Ghosh & Pottathil Shinu & Mahesh Attimarad & Genta Kobayashi, 2023. "Modified Shrimp-Based Chitosan as an Emerging Adsorbent Removing Heavy Metals (Chromium, Nickel, Arsenic, and Cobalt) from Polluted Water," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, January.
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