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Assessment of Stormwater Quality in the Context of Traffic Congestion: A Case Study in Egypt

Author

Listed:
  • Mohamed Elsayed Gabr

    (Civil Engineering Department, Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Higher Education, New Damietta 34517, Egypt)

  • Amira Mahmoud El Shorbagy

    (Civil Engineering Department, Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Higher Education, New Damietta 34517, Egypt
    Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt)

  • Hamdy Badee Faheem

    (Highway and Traffic Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of traffic congestion in urbanized areas (parking lots and highways) on stormwater quality. Three separate locations in Egypt’s heavily urbanized and populous Giza Governorate were picked for the purpose of monitoring and evaluating the stormwater quality: Faisal (A), El Dokki (B), and Hadayek El-Ahram (C), with catchment areas of 10,476, 7566, and 9870 m 2 , and with monthly average daily traffic (MADT) values of 47,950, 20,919, and 27,064 cars, respectively. The physio-chemical and heavy metal stormwater quality parameters of six water samples were investigated and compared with Egypt’s water criteria and the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The water quality index (WQI) and the irrigation water quality indices were used to assess the uses of stormwater. The results showed that the WQI varied from 426 to 929, with an average of (661 ± 168), indicating that the stormwater was contaminated at each location under examination and needed pretreatment in order to be useful. As a result, the allowed stormwater quality standards were exceeded for heavy metals such as Al, Cr, Cd, Fe, and Cu. The indicators of the stormwater quality for irrigation—the total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), permeability index (PI), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), and Kelley’s ratio (KR)—show excellent stormwater for irrigation, while the total hardness (TH) and residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC) indicate poor irrigation water quality. It is advised to sweep the streets to remove particle-bound pollution before it reaches storm drain water, and to put in place an adequate stormwater sewerage system to catch rainwater.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohamed Elsayed Gabr & Amira Mahmoud El Shorbagy & Hamdy Badee Faheem, 2023. "Assessment of Stormwater Quality in the Context of Traffic Congestion: A Case Study in Egypt," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:18:p:13927-:d:1243301
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mohamed Elsayed Gabr, 2023. "Land reclamation projects in the Egyptian Western Desert: management of 1.5 million acres of groundwater irrigation," Water International, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 48(2), pages 240-258, February.
    2. Mohamed Elsayed Gabr & Amira Mahmoud El Shorbagy & Hamdy Badee Faheem, 2022. "Utilizing the Harvesting of Rainwater to Provide Safe Road Transportation Efficiency and Increase Water Resources in the Context of Climatic Change," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-20, August.
    3. Talebnejad, R. & Sepaskhah, A.R., 2015. "Effect of different saline groundwater depths and irrigation water salinities on yield and water use of quinoa in lysimeter," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 177-188.
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