IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i18p13345-d1234098.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Environmental Regulations and Carbon Emissions: The Role of Renewable Energy Research and Development Expenditures

Author

Listed:
  • Yinying Tao

    (School of Design and Fashion, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China)

  • Mehmet Akif Destek

    (Department of Economics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep 27410, Turkey
    Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon)

  • Ugur Korkut Pata

    (Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon
    Department of Economics, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Osmaniye 80000, Turkey)

  • Zeeshan Khan

    (Faculty of Business, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia)

Abstract

This present research offers fresh insights regarding the causality nexus between environmental regulations and a sustainable environment. Also, this study considered the importance of renewable energy research and development (RERD), technological innovation (TI), and economic growth (GDP). Using the U.S. extended dataset covering the period 1990–2020; this research employed the wavelet methods (wavelet power spectrum and wavelet coherence) to observe the causal connections between mentioned variables based on the time-frequency domain. The empirical results from the wavelet power spectrum asserted that carbon emissions (CO 2 ), RERD, and TI are vulnerable during the study period, while GDP and environmental policies are stable. Additionally, the wavelet coherence approach unveils relationships both in-phase and anti-phase. A causal connection is evident between CO 2 and other variables. Particularly, a unidirectional causality is found from TI to CO 2 emissions, while a bidirectional causal association exists between GDP and CO 2 , and environmental policy stringency, and CO 2 . Moreover, a bidirectional causality exists between RERD and CO 2 , but this association is insignificant. Based on findings, this research suggests enhancing RERD investment, strengthening environmental regulations, and promoting green technological innovation to attain a sustainable environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Yinying Tao & Mehmet Akif Destek & Ugur Korkut Pata & Zeeshan Khan, 2023. "Environmental Regulations and Carbon Emissions: The Role of Renewable Energy Research and Development Expenditures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-16, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:18:p:13345-:d:1234098
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/18/13345/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/18/13345/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jingwen Zhang & Yin Dai & Chi-Wei Su & Dervis Kirikkaleli & Muhammad Umar, 2021. "Intertemporal change in the effect of economic growth on carbon emission in China," Energy & Environment, , vol. 32(7), pages 1207-1225, November.
    2. Francis X. Diebold & Kamil Yilmaz, 2009. "Measuring Financial Asset Return and Volatility Spillovers, with Application to Global Equity Markets," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 119(534), pages 158-171, January.
    3. Lingui Qin & Syed Raheem & Muntasir Murshed & Xu Miao & Zeeshan Khan & Dervis Kirikkaleli, 2021. "Does financial inclusion limit carbon dioxide emissions? Analyzing the role of globalization and renewable electricity output," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(6), pages 1138-1154, November.
    4. Wen, Jinyan & Qualls, William J. & Zeng, Deming, 2021. "To explore or exploit: The influence of inter-firm R&D network diversity and structural holes on innovation outcomes," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    5. Pata, Ugur Korkut & Kartal, Mustafa Tevfik & Erdogan, Sinan & Sarkodie, Samuel Asumadu, 2023. "The role of renewable and nuclear energy R&D expenditures and income on environmental quality in Germany: Scrutinizing the EKC and LCC hypotheses with smooth structural changes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
    6. Erik Haites, 2018. "Carbon taxes and greenhouse gas emissions trading systems: what have we learned?," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(8), pages 955-966, September.
    7. Zhang, Fan & Deng, Xiangzheng & Phillips, Fred & Fang, Chuanglin & Wang, Chao, 2020. "Impacts of industrial structure and technical progress on carbon emission intensity: Evidence from 281 cities in China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    8. Kartal, Mustafa Tevfik & Pata, Ugur Korkut & Kılıç Depren, Serpil & Depren, Özer, 2023. "Effects of possible changes in natural gas, nuclear, and coal energy consumption on CO2 emissions: Evidence from France under Russia’s gas supply cuts by dynamic ARDL simulations approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    9. Martínez-Zarzoso, Inmaculada & Bengochea-Morancho, Aurelia & Morales-Lage, Rafael, 2019. "Does environmental policy stringency foster innovation and productivity in OECD countries?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    10. Umer Shahzad & Magdalena Radulescu & Syed Rahim & Cem Isik & Zahid Yousaf & Stefan Alexandru Ionescu, 2021. "Do Environment-Related Policy Instruments and Technologies Facilitate Renewable Energy Generation? Exploring the Contextual Evidence from Developed Economies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-25, January.
    11. Justyna Godawska & Joanna Wyrobek, 2021. "The Impact of Environmental Policy Stringency on Renewable Energy Production in the Visegrad Group Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-23, September.
    12. Sudharshan Reddy Paramati & Md Samsul Alam & Shawkat Hammoudeh & Khalid Hafeez, 2021. "Long‐run relationship between R&D investment and environmental sustainability: Evidence from the European Union member countries," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(4), pages 5775-5792, October.
    13. Rua, António & Nunes, Luís C., 2009. "International comovement of stock market returns: A wavelet analysis," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 632-639, September.
    14. Aguiar-Conraria, Luís & Azevedo, Nuno & Soares, Maria Joana, 2008. "Using wavelets to decompose the time–frequency effects of monetary policy," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 387(12), pages 2863-2878.
    15. Asif Razzaq & Arshian Sharif & Paiman Ahmad & Kittisak Jermsittiparsert, 2021. "Asymmetric role of tourism development and technology innovation on carbon dioxide emission reduction in the Chinese economy: Fresh insights from QARDL approach," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(1), pages 176-193, January.
    16. Yang, Jun & Hao, Yun & Feng, Chao, 2021. "A race between economic growth and carbon emissions: What play important roles towards global low-carbon development?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    17. Sarwar, Suleman & Shahzad, Umer & Chang, Dongfeng & Tang, Biyan, 2019. "Economic and non-economic sector reforms in carbon mitigation: Empirical evidence from Chinese provinces," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 146-154.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Alexey Cherepovitsyn & Gennady Stroykov & Alexander Nevolin, 2023. "Efficiency of Low-Carbon Technologies Implementation at Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Enterprises under the Conditions of Carbon-Regulation Development in Russia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(24), pages 1-22, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhou, Shuai & Qian, Yudan & Farmanesh, Panteha, 2022. "The economic cost of environmental laws: Volatility transmission mechanism and remedies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    2. Guo, Shanwen & Wang, Qibin & Hordofa, Tolassa Temesgen & Kaur, Prabjot & Nguyen, Ngoc Quynh & Maneengam, Apichit, 2022. "Does COVID-19 pandemic cause natural resources commodity prices volatility? Empirical evidence from China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    3. Yating, Yang & Mughal, Nafeesa & Wen, Jun & Thi Ngan, Truong & Ramirez-Asis, Edwin & Maneengam, Apichit, 2022. "Economic performance and natural resources commodity prices volatility: Evidence from global data," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    4. Chiranjivi, GVS & Sensarma, Rudra, 2023. "The effects of economic and financial shocks on private investment: A wavelet study of return and volatility spillovers," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    5. Younis, Ijaz & Shah, Waheed Ullah & Yousaf, Imran, 2023. "Static and dynamic linkages between oil, gold and global equity markets in various crisis episodes: Evidence from the Wavelet TVP-VAR," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    6. Das, Debojyoti & Bhowmik, Puja & Jana, R.K., 2018. "A multiscale analysis of stock return co-movements and spillovers: Evidence from Pacific developed markets," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 502(C), pages 379-393.
    7. Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Nasreen, Samia & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Hammoudeh, Shawkat, 2020. "Time-frequency causality and connectedness between international prices of energy, food, industry, agriculture and metals," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    8. Huang, Lilong & Dong, Dongdong & Dong, Xueqin, 2023. "Natural resources extraction, financial expansion and remittances: South Asian economies perspective of sustainable development," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    9. Qingquan Jiang & Jinhuang Lin & Qianqian Wei & Rui Zhang & Hongzhen Fu, 2023. "Demystifying the Economic Growth and CO 2 Nexus in Fujian’s Key Industries Based on Decoupling and LMDI Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-23, February.
    10. Qing, Lingli & Li, Peng & Mehmood, Usman & Dagestani, Abd Alwahed, 2024. "Uncovering the potential impacts of financial inclusion and human development on ecological sustainability in the presence of natural resources and government stability: Evidence from G-20 nations," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    11. Seiler, Volker, 2024. "The relationship between Chinese and FOB prices of rare earth elements – Evidence in the time and frequency domain," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 160-179.
    12. Charfeddine, Lanouar & Umlai, Mohamed, 2023. "ICT sector, digitization and environmental sustainability: A systematic review of the literature from 2000 to 2022," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    13. Bilgili, Faik & Mugaloglu, Erhan & Koçak, Emrah, 2018. "The impact of oil prices on CO2 emissions in China: A Wavelet coherence approach," MPRA Paper 90170, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Aviral Tiwari & Niyati Bhanja & Arif Dar & Faridul Islam, 2015. "Time–frequency relationship between share prices and exchange rates in India: Evidence from continuous wavelets," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 48(2), pages 699-714, March.
    15. Kartal, Mustafa Tevfik & Ghosh, Sudeshna & Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday, 2023. "Renewable energy effect on economy and environment: The case of G7 countries through novel bootstrap rolling window approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    16. Chen, Liang & Guo, Yirong, 2023. "The drivers of sustainable development: Natural resources extraction and education for low-middle- and high-income countries," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).
    17. Li, Menghan & Zhang, Kaiyue & Alamri, Ahmad Mohammed & Ageli, Mohammed Moosa & Khan, Numan, 2023. "Resource curse hypothesis and sustainable development: Evaluating the role of renewable energy and R&D," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    18. Wang, Zhongbao & Razzaq, Asif, 2022. "Natural resources, energy efficiency transition and sustainable development: Evidence from BRICS economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    19. Andrieș, Alin Marius & Căpraru, Bogdan & Ihnatov, Iulian & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, 2017. "The relationship between exchange rates and interest rates in a small open emerging economy: The case of Romania," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 261-274.
    20. Gao, Chunjiao & Chen, Hongxi, 2023. "Electricity from renewable energy resources: Sustainable energy transition and emissions for developed economies," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:18:p:13345-:d:1234098. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.