The Influence of Overburden Stress and Molding Water Content on the Microstructure of Remolded Loess

This study aims to reveal the mechanisms of the microstructural evolution of remolded loess under different molding water contents and overburden stresses. Utilizing L6 loess from Yan’an, remolded soil specimens were fabricated under various pressures and moisture contents, followed by conducting one-dimensional consolidation tests. The macroscopic porosity, pore size distribution curves (PSD), and microstructure of these remolded loess samples were examined. Experimental findings indicate that an increase in molding water content leads to an augmentation in macroscopic pore volume and elongated pore shapes, concurrently exerting substantial influence on the primary pore size and pore volume of both macropores (>0.4 μm) and minipores (0.4–4 μm), with minimal impact on micropores (<0.4 μm). The escalation of overburden stress solely contributes to the reduction in pore size and pore volume of macropores. Variations in the Menger fractal dimension occur only beyond the optimal water content, while overburden stress exhibits a minimal effect on the Menger fractal dimension. Furthermore, remolded loess exhibited a certain yield stress, and when the overburden stress was lower than the yield stress, there was almost no change in various types of pores. Finally, a microstructural evolution model of remolded loess under different molding water contents and overburden stresses was proposed. These findings are expected to provide new insights into the microstructural evolution and deformation mechanisms of loess in high embankment construction sites.