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The Multifunctional Effect of Porous Additives on the Alleviation of Ammonia and Sulfate Co-Inhibition in Anaerobic Digestion

Author

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  • Christos A. Tzenos

    (Department of Hydraulics, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Sotirios D. Kalamaras

    (Department of Hydraulics, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Eleni-Anna Economou

    (QLAB Private Company, Research & Development, Quality Control and Testing Services, 57008 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • George Em. Romanos

    (Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center of Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece)

  • Charitomeni M. Veziri

    (Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center of Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece)

  • Anastasios Mitsopoulos

    (QLAB Private Company, Research & Development, Quality Control and Testing Services, 57008 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Georgios C. Menexes

    (Department of Hydraulics, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Themistoklis Sfetsas

    (QLAB Private Company, Research & Development, Quality Control and Testing Services, 57008 Thessaloniki, Greece)

  • Thomas A. Kotsopoulos

    (Department of Hydraulics, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece)

Abstract

Ammonia and sulfide derived from the reduction of sulfate by the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are two of the most common inhibitors in anaerobic digestion. Zeolites and bentonites are characterized as porous materials able to adsorb both ammonia and sulfur compounds and seem to be promising candidates as additives in anaerobic digestion to counteract this co-inhibition. In this study, bentonite and zeolite 13X were subjected to alkali modification at different concentrations of NaOH to alter their physicochemical properties, and their effect on the alleviation of ammonia and sulfate co-inhibition in anaerobic digestion of cow manure was examined. The methane production in 13X treatments (13X without NaOH, 13X02-NaOH 0.2 M and 13X1-NaOH 1 M) was elevated by increasing the NaOH concentration in the modification step, resulting in a significance increase by 8.96%, 11.0% and 15.56% in 13X treatments compared to the treatment without additive. Bentonite treatments did not show the same behavior on the toxicity mitigation. The results appear to be influenced by the combined effect of 13X zeolites on the sulfur compounds adsorption and on the increase in pH and Na + concentration in the batch reactors.

Suggested Citation

  • Christos A. Tzenos & Sotirios D. Kalamaras & Eleni-Anna Economou & George Em. Romanos & Charitomeni M. Veziri & Anastasios Mitsopoulos & Georgios C. Menexes & Themistoklis Sfetsas & Thomas A. Kotsopou, 2023. "The Multifunctional Effect of Porous Additives on the Alleviation of Ammonia and Sulfate Co-Inhibition in Anaerobic Digestion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-17, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:13:p:9994-:d:1178025
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eleni P. Tsiakiri & Aikaterini Mpougali & Ioannis Lemonidis & Christos A. Tzenos & Sotirios D. Kalamaras & Thomas A. Kotsopoulos & Petros Samaras, 2021. "Estimation of Energy Recovery Potential from Primary Residues of Four Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-14, June.
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