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Systematic Search Using the Proknow-C Method for the Characterization of Atmospheric Particulate Matter Using the Materials Science Techniques XRD, FTIR, XRF, and Raman Spectroscopy

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  • Mauricio A. Correa-Ochoa

    (Grupo de Investigación y Laboratorio de Monitoreo Ambiental G-LIMA, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia)

  • Juliana Rojas

    (Grupo de Investigación y Laboratorio de Monitoreo Ambiental G-LIMA, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia)

  • Luisa M. Gómez

    (Grupo de Investigación y Laboratorio de Monitoreo Ambiental G-LIMA, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia)

  • David Aguiar

    (Grupo de Investigación y Laboratorio de Monitoreo Ambiental G-LIMA, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia)

  • Carlos A. Palacio-Tobón

    (Grupo Giga, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia)

  • Henry A. Colorado

    (CCComposites Laboratory, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 N°. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia)

Abstract

Particulate matter (PM), particle pollution that can travel long distances, is a big concern because it contains liquid droplets or microscopic solids resulting in significant health issues such as respirational and cancer problems. Therefore, the characterization of these particles is very significant as a hazard to public health. PM can be identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy (RS), both powerful and non-destructive technologies. RS, in particular, allows the identification of black carbon, considered one of the pollutants with the greatest influence on climate change. Another important technology for the evaluation of inorganic and organic functional groups present in PM compounds is the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray fluorescence (XRF) provides elemental analysis, revealing, in many cases, the original source of the sample. In order to understand the current state of the art, the Proknow-C method was applied to track the most recent information on PM characterization. Aspects such as sample collection, filter material, characterization parameters, PM components, and the advantages and limitations of each technique are discussed. PM minerals are found to be composed of silicates, oxides, sulfates, and carbonates. The elemental components of PM are classified into five categories: marine aerosol, mineral material, anthropogenic elements, organic carbon, and elemental carbon. The XRD technique is a powerful, fast, and non-destructive tool to identify various minerals present in PM. On the other hand, the XRF technique requires minimal sample treatment, but its sensitivity is limited for the determination of trace metals and some relevant environmental elements. FTIR spectroscopy is able to identify and quantify all organic functional groups present in atmospheric PM. Despite its advantages, a proper choice of calibration method is crucial to ensure its effectiveness. RS is fast and simple, although it only detects Raman-active functional groups. These are some of the advantages and limitations of these techniques addressed in the following review article.

Suggested Citation

  • Mauricio A. Correa-Ochoa & Juliana Rojas & Luisa M. Gómez & David Aguiar & Carlos A. Palacio-Tobón & Henry A. Colorado, 2023. "Systematic Search Using the Proknow-C Method for the Characterization of Atmospheric Particulate Matter Using the Materials Science Techniques XRD, FTIR, XRF, and Raman Spectroscopy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-23, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:11:p:8504-:d:1154190
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Nasser M. Hamdan & Hussain Alawadhi & Najeh Jisrawi & Mohamed Shameer, 2018. "Characterization of Fine Particulate Matter in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Using Complementary Experimental Techniques," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-17, April.
    2. Mauricio A. Correa & Santiago A. Franco & Luisa M. Gómez & David Aguiar & Henry A. Colorado, 2023. "Characterization Methods of Ions and Metals in Particulate Matter Pollutants on PM2.5 and PM10 Samples from Several Emission Sources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, March.
    3. de Carvalho, Gustavo Dambiski Gomes & Sokulski, Carla Cristiane & da Silva, Wesley Vieira & de Carvalho, Hélio Gomes & de Moura, Rafael Vignoli & de Francisco, Antonio Carlos & da Veiga, Claudimar Per, 2020. "Bibliometrics and systematic reviews: A comparison between the Proknow-C and the Methodi Ordinatio," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 14(3).
    4. Mbalenhle Mpanza & Elhadi Adam & Raeesa Moolla, 2020. "Dust Deposition Impacts at a Liquidated Gold Mine Village: Gauteng Province in South Africa," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(14), pages 1-26, July.
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