IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i8p4766-d794974.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

COVID-19 Pandemic: New Prevention and Protection Measures

Author

Listed:
  • Luigi Cirrincione

    (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “Giuseppe D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy)

  • Fulvio Plescia

    (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “Giuseppe D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy)

  • Caterina Ledda

    (Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania Italy, 95131 Catania, Italy)

  • Venerando Rapisarda

    (Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania Italy, 95131 Catania, Italy)

  • Daniela Martorana

    (Department of Orthopedics, Hospital Company "Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello", 90146 Palermo, Italy)

  • Guido Lacca

    (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “Giuseppe D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy)

  • Antonina Argo

    (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “Giuseppe D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy)

  • Stefania Zerbo

    (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “Giuseppe D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy)

  • Ermanno Vitale

    (Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania Italy, 95131 Catania, Italy)

  • Denis Vinnikov

    (Faculty of Medicine and Healthcare, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi Avenue 71, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan)

  • Emanuele Cannizzaro

    (Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties “Giuseppe D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy)

Abstract

As of the end of February 2021, more than 420,000,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been reported worldwide, with 5,856,224 deaths. Transmission of the different genetically engineered variants of SARS-CoV-2, which have been isolated since the beginning of the pandemic, occurs from one infected person to another by the same means: the airborne route, indirect contact, and occasionally the fecal–oral route. Infection is asymptomatic or may present with flulike symptoms such as fever, cough, and mild to moderate and severe respiratory distress, requiring hospitalization and assisted ventilation support. To control the spread of COVID-19, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have indicated that the appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE), as well as the adoption of effective hygiene systems, is one of the primary prevention measures for the entire population. Companies and institutions around the world are therefore trying to find the best ways to reorganize their operations, minimizing the risk of infection among their employees, in order to protect their health and prevent internal outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2, including through the development of new technologies that could also be an innovative and driving factor for the relaunch of companies in a more sustainable, ethically correct, and safe for the health of employees perspective. On the basis of the above premises, in view of the coexistence with SARS-CoV-2 that will most likely accompany us in the coming years, and in view of the vaccination campaign adopted worldwide, the purpose of our narrative review is to update the previous operational protocols with the latest scientific knowledge to be adopted in the workplace even when the emergency crisis is over.

Suggested Citation

  • Luigi Cirrincione & Fulvio Plescia & Caterina Ledda & Venerando Rapisarda & Daniela Martorana & Guido Lacca & Antonina Argo & Stefania Zerbo & Ermanno Vitale & Denis Vinnikov & Emanuele Cannizzaro, 2022. "COVID-19 Pandemic: New Prevention and Protection Measures," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-10, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:8:p:4766-:d:794974
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/8/4766/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/8/4766/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Luigi Cirrincione & Fulvio Plescia & Caterina Ledda & Venerando Rapisarda & Daniela Martorana & Raluca Emilia Moldovan & Kelly Theodoridou & Emanuele Cannizzaro, 2020. "COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevention and Protection Measures to Be Adopted at the Workplace," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-18, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fatma Lestari & Margaret Cook & Kelly Johnstone & Miranda Surya Wardhany & Robiana Modjo & Baiduri Widanarko & Devie Fitri Octaviani, 2022. "COVID-19 in the Workplace in Indonesia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-23, February.
    2. Jialei Jiang & Eun-Mi Park & Seong-Taek Park, 2021. "The Impact of the COVID-19 on Economic Sustainability—A Case Study of Fluctuation in Stock Prices for China and South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-17, June.
    3. Shixian Luo & Jing Xie & Katsunori Furuya, 2021. "“We Need such a Space”: Residents’ Motives for Visiting Urban Green Spaces during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-18, June.
    4. Elena Calvo Gallardo & Juan Carlos Fernandez de Arroyabe & Nieves Arranz, 2020. "Preventing Internal COVID-19 Outbreaks within Businesses and Institutions: A Methodology Based on Social Networks Analysis for Supporting Occupational Health and Safety Services Decision Making," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-16, June.
    5. Han, Lili & Song, Sha & Pan, Qiuhui & He, Mingfeng, 2023. "The impact of multiple population-wide testing and social distancing on the transmission of an infectious disease," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 630(C).
    6. Marco De Angelis & Davide Giusino & Karina Nielsen & Emmanuel Aboagye & Marit Christensen & Siw Tone Innstrand & Greta Mazzetti & Machteld van den Heuvel & Roy B.L. Sijbom & Vince Pelzer & Rita Chiesa, 2020. "H-WORK Project: Multilevel Interventions to Promote Mental Health in SMEs and Public Workplaces," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-23, October.
    7. Michał Buszko & Witold Orzeszko & Marcin Stawarz, 2021. "COVID-19 pandemic and stability of stock market—A sectoral approach," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(5), pages 1-26, May.
    8. Rodolfo Buselli & Sigrid Baldanzi & Martina Corsi & Martina Chiumiento & Elena Del Lupo & Claudia Carmassi & Liliana Dell’Osso & Alfonso Cristaudo, 2020. "Psychological Care of Health Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy: Preliminary Report of an Occupational Health Department (AOUP) Responsible for Monitoring Hospital Staff Condition," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-15, June.
    9. Marinella Coco & Claudia Savia Guerrera & Giuseppe Santisi & Febronia Riggio & Roberta Grasso & Donatella Di Corrado & Santo Di Nuovo & Tiziana Ramaci, 2021. "Psychosocial Impact and Role of Resilience on Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-9, June.
    10. Pavel Castka & Cory Searcy & Sönke Fischer, 2020. "Technology-enhanced Auditing in Voluntary Sustainability Standards: The Impact of COVID-19," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-24, June.
    11. Young-Jae Kim & So-Young Lee & Jeong-Hyung Cho, 2020. "A Study on the Job Retention Intention of Nurses Based on Social Support in the COVID-19 Situation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-10, September.
    12. Jing Xie & Shixian Luo & Katsunori Furuya & Dajiang Sun, 2020. "Urban Parks as Green Buffers During the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-17, August.
    13. Emanuele Cannizzaro & Luigi Cirrincione & Ginevra Malta & Santo Fruscione & Nicola Mucci & Francesco Martines & Fulvio Plescia, 2023. "The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic Emergency on Alcohol Use: A Focus on a Cohort of Sicilian Workers," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-13, March.
    14. Shira Bukchin-Peles & Tammie Ronen, 2021. "The Role of Adolescents’ Personal and Social Resources in Achieving Desired Emotional and Behavioral Outcomes during an Anxiety-Provoking Pandemic Outbreak," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-17, June.
    15. Tiziana Ramaci & Massimiliano Barattucci & Caterina Ledda & Venerando Rapisarda, 2020. "Social Stigma during COVID-19 and its Impact on HCWs Outcomes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-13, May.
    16. Zoppelletto, Alessia & Bullini Orlandi, Ludovico, 2022. "Cultural and digital collaboration infrastructures as sustainability enhancing factors: A configurational approach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    17. Monia Vagni & Tiziana Maiorano & Valeria Giostra & Daniela Pajardi, 2020. "Hardiness, Stress and Secondary Trauma in Italian Healthcare and Emergency Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-16, July.
    18. Misato Uehara & Makoto Fujii & Kazuki Kobayashi, 2021. "A Model of Stress Change under the First COVID-19 Pandemic among the General Public in Japanese Major Cities and Rural Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-17, January.
    19. Carol Nash, 2021. "Challenges to Learners in Interpreting Self as Other, Post COVID-19," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-24, November.
    20. Diana Mariana Cocârţă & Mariana Prodana & Ioana Demetrescu & Patricia Elena Maria Lungu & Andreea Cristiana Didilescu, 2021. "Indoor Air Pollution with Fine Particles and Implications for Workers’ Health in Dental Offices: A Brief Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-17, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:8:p:4766-:d:794974. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.