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Urban Densification Effect on Micrometeorology in Santiago, Chile: A Comparative Study Based on Chaos Theory

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  • Patricio Pacheco

    (Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile)

  • Eduardo Mera

    (Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile)

  • Giovanni Salini

    (Departamento de Matemática y Física Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Alonso de Rivera 2850, Concepción 4090541, Chile)

Abstract

The concentration distribution of anthropocentric pollutants is favored by urban densification, affecting the micrometeorology in big cities. To examine this condition, chaos theory was applied to time series of measurements of urban meteorology and pollutants of six communes of the Metropolitan Region of Santiago de Chile, in two periods: 2010–2013 and 2017–2020. Each commune contributes, per period, six different time series: three for the meteorological variables (temperature, relative humidity, and magnitude wind speed) and three for the atmospheric pollutant concentrations (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and CO). This qualitative study corroborates that each of the time series is chaotic through the calculation of chaotic parameters: Lyapunov exponent, correlation dimension, Hurst coefficient, correlation entropy, Lempel–Ziv complexity and fractal dimension. The variation in the chaotic parameters between the two periods can be interpreted in relation to the roughness change due to urban densification. More specific parameters, constructed from the Kolmogorov entropies and the fractal dimensions of the time series, show modifications due to the increase in the built surface in the most current period. This variation also extends to micrometeorology, as is clear from the Lempel–Ziv complexity and the Hurst coefficient. The qualitative picture constructed using chaos theory reveals that human interaction with nature affects diversity and sustainability and generates irreversible processes.

Suggested Citation

  • Patricio Pacheco & Eduardo Mera & Giovanni Salini, 2022. "Urban Densification Effect on Micrometeorology in Santiago, Chile: A Comparative Study Based on Chaos Theory," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-22, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:2845-:d:761487
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Huina Wang & Lina Tang & Quanyi Qiu & Huaxiang Chen, 2020. "Assessing the Impacts of Urban Expansion on Habitat Quality by Combining the Concepts of Land Use, Landscape, and Habitat in Two Urban Agglomerations in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-17, May.
    2. Fernanda Caroline Caldatto & Sandro César Bortoluzzi & Edson Pinheiro de Lima & Sergio E. Gouvea da Costa, 2021. "Urban Sustainability Performance Measurement of a Small Brazilian City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Bellie Sivakumar & Wesley W. Wallender & William R. Horwath & Jeffrey P. Mitchell, 2007. "Nonlinear Deterministic Analysis Of Air Pollution Dynamics In A Rural And Agricultural Setting," Advances in Complex Systems (ACS), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 10(04), pages 581-597.
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    1. Patricio Pacheco & Eduardo Mera & Voltaire Fuentes, 2023. "Intensive Urbanization, Urban Meteorology and Air Pollutants: Effects on the Temperature of a City in a Basin Geography," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-20, February.

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