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Assessing Groundwater Level Declination in Dhaka City and Identifying Adaptation Options for Sustainable Water Supply

Author

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  • Mehanaz Moshfika

    (Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh)

  • Subir Biswas

    (Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh)

  • M. Shahjahan Mondal

    (Institute of Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh)

Abstract

Dhaka city, having a population of about 18 million, depends heavily on groundwater as a source of quality water. However, the city is encountering a rapid depletion of groundwater, and its groundwater-based water supply is at risk of failure. This study was carried out to analyze the groundwater depletion scenarios occurring from 1970 to 2019 in the city and to find suitable options to sustain its water supply. The trends in groundwater levels (GWLs) were quantified by the non-parametric Sen’s slope and their significances were assessed by the modified Mann-Kendall test. Contour maps of GWL were generated to develop the contemporary GWL scenario in the city. Key informant interviews (KIIs) with the Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) officials, groundwater experts and researchers, in addition to semi-structured interviews with the DWASA consumers were conducted to assess current adaptation practices and to develop potential adaptation options. The effectiveness of the options was assessed by strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis and the options were ranked through a normalization process of the weights given by the KIIs for future adaptabilities. The GWLs were found to be decreasing all over the city, varying from 0.6–2.4 m/year. The contour maps demonstrated that the groundwater of the central area had depleted more than the peripheral areas. The locations vulnerable to severe groundwater depletion were identified to be the Khilgaon, Sobujbagh, Motijheel, Dhanmondi, and Sutrapur areas and some parts of the Cantonment and Mirpur areas. Potential options identified were adopting more surface water treatment plants, rainwater harvesting, implementing a block tariff system, reducing non-revenue water, metering water consumption, and promoting public awareness. Spatially-varying adaptation strategies were also suggested for different zones. Some measures adopted by DWASA were not supported by the respondents.

Suggested Citation

  • Mehanaz Moshfika & Subir Biswas & M. Shahjahan Mondal, 2022. "Assessing Groundwater Level Declination in Dhaka City and Identifying Adaptation Options for Sustainable Water Supply," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-21, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:3:p:1518-:d:736631
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mahfuzur R. Khan & Mohammad Koneshloo & Peter S. K. Knappett & Kazi M. Ahmed & Benjamin C. Bostick & Brian J. Mailloux & Rajib H. Mozumder & Anwar Zahid & Charles F. Harvey & Alexander van Geen & Holl, 2016. "Megacity pumping and preferential flow threaten groundwater quality," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 7(1), pages 1-8, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mahfuzur R Khan & Fuad Hasan & Majidul Islam & Masuma Chowdhury & Sumiya Sadeak & Al Amin & Farhad Hossain & Kazi Matin Ahmed, 2022. "Potential Impacts of Industrialization on Coastal Fresh Groundwater Resources in Bangladesh," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-17, July.
    2. Puppala, Harish & Ahuja, Jaya & Tamvada, Jagannadha Pawan & Peddinti, Pranav R T, 2023. "New technology adoption in rural areas of emerging economies: The case of rainwater harvesting systems in India," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).

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