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Token Economy for Sustainable Education in the Future: A Scoping Review

Author

Listed:
  • Kim Hua Tan

    (Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

  • Mathura Kasiveloo

    (Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

  • Imran Ho Abdullah

    (Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia)

Abstract

This research aims to examine the use of a token economy for education sustainability. It presents a recent review and evaluation of the token economy used among young learners and learners with special needs for behavior management and learning engagement in teaching. Online articles from Google Scholar, ERIC, and UKMLibrary were used. The terms used for reviewing the articles were token economy, token systems, positive reinforcement, and rewards. The scoping review protocol was used for this study. A total of 60 relevant articles published from 2000 to 2020 were filtered and grouped into three major themes for review: behavior management, learning engagement, and types of tokens. Findings suggested that although previous research had examined the impact of a token economy on behavior management and learning engagement, there was limited research on the correlation between teaching methods and social fairness. Teachers as the main participants in assessing the effectiveness of a token economy, were also lacking. Additionally, the use of social and physical reinforcers was found to assist in obtaining the desired behaviors and learning engagement from participants, thereby enabling them to sustain learners’ interest in future lessons.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim Hua Tan & Mathura Kasiveloo & Imran Ho Abdullah, 2022. "Token Economy for Sustainable Education in the Future: A Scoping Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-19, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:716-:d:721154
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ragea Mohammad Alqahtani, 2020. "The Effects of a Token Economy System to Improve Social, Academic, and Behavior Skills with Children in KSA," International Journal of Learning and Development, Macrothink Institute, vol. 10(3), pages 11-19, September.
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