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Greywater as an Alternative Solution for a Sustainable Management of Water Resources—A Review

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  • Hanen Filali

    (National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, University of Carthage, 17 rue Hédi Karray, BP no. 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
    Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Bizerte 7021, Tunisia)

  • Narcis Barsan

    (Faculty of Engineering, Vasile Alexandri University of Bacau, Calea Marasesti, no. 157, 600115 Bacau, Romania)

  • Dalila Souguir

    (National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, University of Carthage, 17 rue Hédi Karray, BP no. 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia)

  • Valentin Nedeff

    (Faculty of Engineering, Vasile Alexandri University of Bacau, Calea Marasesti, no. 157, 600115 Bacau, Romania
    Gheorghe Ionescu Sisesti, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 6 Marasti Blvd., 011464 Bucharest, Romania)

  • Claudia Tomozei

    (Faculty of Engineering, Vasile Alexandri University of Bacau, Calea Marasesti, no. 157, 600115 Bacau, Romania)

  • Mohamed Hachicha

    (National Research Institute of Rural Engineering, Water and Forests, University of Carthage, 17 rue Hédi Karray, BP no. 10, Ariana 2080, Tunisia)

Abstract

In this paper, a comprehensive review on greywater is presented. Emphasis is given to the techniques used to treat and recover greywater, and special emphasis is placed on the risk of the existence of the novel coronavirus “SARS-CoV-2” in greywater and the possibility of its spread via the reuse of this water. In general, greywater is considered wastewater collected from domestic sources, with the exclusion of toilet water (which is considered as blackwater). Greywater represents 50 to 80% of the total volume of wastewater all over the world. This review provides various aspects related to greywater, such as origins, characteristics, and existing guidelines for greywater proper treatment and reuse. Several approaches and techniques have been developed to study the performance of different greywater treatment systems. These methods are critically discussed in this article. In the context of sustainable development, water management, and taking into account the scarcity of water resources, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas, the use of treated greywater is one of the alternatives methods that can reduce the burden of withdrawals from the resource. In addition, some successful examples of greywater valuation experiences in Tunisia were examined.

Suggested Citation

  • Hanen Filali & Narcis Barsan & Dalila Souguir & Valentin Nedeff & Claudia Tomozei & Mohamed Hachicha, 2022. "Greywater as an Alternative Solution for a Sustainable Management of Water Resources—A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-13, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:2:p:665-:d:720094
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. do Couto, Eduardo de Aguiar & Calijuri, Maria Lúcia & Assemany, Paula Peixoto & Santiago, Aníbal da Fonseca & Carvalho, Isabella de Castro, 2013. "Greywater production in airports: Qualitative and quantitative assessment," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 44-51.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sabina Kordana-Obuch & Mariusz Starzec & Michał Wojtoń & Daniel Słyś, 2023. "Greywater as a Future Sustainable Energy and Water Source: Bibliometric Mapping of Current Knowledge and Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-34, January.
    2. Joan Nyika & Megersa Dinka, 2022. "The Progress In Using Greywater As A Solution To Water Scarcity In A Developing Country," Water Conservation & Management (WCM), Zibeline International Publishing, vol. 6(2), pages 89-94, August.
    3. Andrea Cristina Ramirez Herrera & Sonja Bauer & Victor Peña Guillen, 2022. "Water-Sensitive Urban Plan for Lima Metropolitan Area (Peru) Based on Changes in the Urban Landscape from 1990 to 2021," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, December.
    4. Ghani, Latifah Abdul & Mahmood, Noor Zalina, 2023. "Modeling domestic wastewater pathways on household system using the socio-MFA techniques," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 480(C).

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