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A PANAS Structure Analysis: On the Validity of a Bifactor Model in Korean College Students

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  • Hongseok Park

    (Department of Counselling Psychology, Graduate School of Education, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul 02450, Republic of Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jeong-Mi Lee

    (Department of Counseling Psychology, Seoul Graduate School of Counselling Psychology, Seoul 03136, Republic of Korea
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Sohee Koo

    (Vision Department, LS ELECTRIC, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea)

  • So-Youn Chung

    (Division of Police Administration, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea)

  • Seongki Lee

    (College of Law, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 02844, Republic of Korea)

  • Young Il Cho

    (Division of Police Administration, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea)

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the best model fit among the six models in the Korean version of Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (K-PANAS). Therefore, this study compared and analyzed the dimensional structure of this schedule for Korean college students. Specifically, the model fitness of six models, which are under debate, were compared: a single model for K-PANAS, a two-factor model (PA&NA) without any factor correlation, a three-factor model (PA, NA-Afraid, NA-Upset), a two-factor bifactor model, a three-factor bifactor model, and a three-factor bifactor model with error correlation. A total of 875 samples were analyzed, and the results show that best model fit is the three-factor bifactor model with error correlation. We named the general factor of the bifactor model “activation (or arousal).” This findings of this study will provide a richer explanation of emotions for researchers analyzing emotional activation (or arousal), a general factor of emotion, PA, and NA future studies that use PANAS.

Suggested Citation

  • Hongseok Park & Jeong-Mi Lee & Sohee Koo & So-Youn Chung & Seongki Lee & Young Il Cho, 2022. "A PANAS Structure Analysis: On the Validity of a Bifactor Model in Korean College Students," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-11, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:24:p:16456-:d:997902
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Galina Balatsky & Ed Diener, 1993. "Subjective well-being among Russian students," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 28(3), pages 225-243, March.
    2. Peter Greenspoon & Donald Saklofske, 2001. "Toward an Integration of Subjective Well-Being and Psychopathology," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 54(1), pages 81-108, April.
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