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Blockchain for Internet of Underwater Things: State-of-the-Art, Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions

Author

Listed:
  • Sweta Bhattacharya

    (School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India)

  • Nancy Victor

    (School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India)

  • Rajeswari Chengoden

    (School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India)

  • Murugan Ramalingam

    (School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India)

  • Govardanan Chemmalar Selvi

    (School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India)

  • Praveen Kumar Reddy Maddikunta

    (School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India)

  • Praveen Kumar Donta

    (Distributed Systems Group, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria)

  • Schahram Dustdar

    (Distributed Systems Group, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria)

  • Rutvij H. Jhaveri

    (Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382426, Gujarat, India)

  • Thippa Reddy Gadekallu

    (School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India
    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon)

Abstract

The Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) has become widely popular in the past decade as it has huge prospects for the economy due to its applicability in various use cases such as environmental monitoring, disaster management, localization, defense, underwater exploration, and so on. However, each of these use cases poses specific challenges with respect to security, privacy, transparency, and traceability, which can be addressed by the integration of blockchain with the IoUT. Blockchain is a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) that consists of series of blocks chained up in chronological order in a distributed network. In this paper, we present a first-of-its-kind survey on the integration of blockchain with the IoUT. This paper initially discusses the blockchain technology and the IoUT and points out the benefits of integrating blockchain technology with IoUT systems. An overview of various applications, the respective challenges, and the possible future directions of blockchain-enabled IoUT systems is also presented in this survey, and finally, the work sheds light on the critical aspects of IoUT systems and will enable researchers to address the challenges using blockchain technology.

Suggested Citation

  • Sweta Bhattacharya & Nancy Victor & Rajeswari Chengoden & Murugan Ramalingam & Govardanan Chemmalar Selvi & Praveen Kumar Reddy Maddikunta & Praveen Kumar Donta & Schahram Dustdar & Rutvij H. Jhaveri , 2022. "Blockchain for Internet of Underwater Things: State-of-the-Art, Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:23:p:15659-:d:983367
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    References listed on IDEAS

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