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Spatial Delineation for Great Wall Zone at Sub-Watershed Scale: A Coupled Ecological and Heritage Perspective

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  • Linping Jiang

    (Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Sisi Wang

    (Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Zhe Sun

    (College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Chundi Chen

    (College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China)

  • Yingli Zhao

    (Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Yi Su

    (College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Yingying Kou

    (Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhanlanguan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China)

Abstract

The Great Wall is a world-famous World Heritage Site facing serious environmental and structural fragmentation problems. This study considered the watershed an essential basis for delineating the Great Wall cultural zone boundary. The relevant watersheds and their scope in the Beijing Great Wall cultural zone were determined, and a sub-watershed classification index system was constructed. The sub-watershed type conservation areas were classified using the k-means clustering method. The relationships among heritage, ecological, socioeconomic, and hydrological elements were analyzed to obtain the essential characteristics of the spatial differentiation of watershed types. Heritage had a promoting effect on urbanization; urbanization had a pressurizing effect on the ecological environment, whereas heritage had a binding effect on the ecological environment. The protected areas defined at the sub-watershed scale in this study have better connectivity and integrity. Not only does it help to monitor, prevent and control the various natural and human-related issues and hazards that occur at the watershed scale, but it also helps in informing the sustainable conservation and development of the Great Wall.

Suggested Citation

  • Linping Jiang & Sisi Wang & Zhe Sun & Chundi Chen & Yingli Zhao & Yi Su & Yingying Kou, 2022. "Spatial Delineation for Great Wall Zone at Sub-Watershed Scale: A Coupled Ecological and Heritage Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:21:p:13836-:d:952532
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. James E. M. Watson & Nigel Dudley & Daniel B. Segan & Marc Hockings, 2014. "The performance and potential of protected areas," Nature, Nature, vol. 515(7525), pages 67-73, November.
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    Cited by:

    1. Qingtao Bai & Mingcan Gao & Hongyi Lyu & Lujia Zhang & Jiamin Zhang, 2024. "Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Tangible Cultural Heritage in Henan Province, China: A Watershed Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-19, October.

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