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GIS Modeling to Climate Change Adaptation by Reducing Evaporation in Water Reservoirs: Smart Location Technique of Minimal Evaporation Reservoirs (GIS-MER)

Author

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  • Alfredo Fernández-Enríquez

    (Departamento Historia, Geografía y Filosofía, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Cádiz, Av. Gomez Ulla s/n, 11003 Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
    Research Institute for Sustainable Social Development (INDESS), Av. Universidad 4, 11405 Jerez de la Frontera, Cádiz, Spain)

  • María Luisa Pérez-Cayeiro

    (Departamento Historia, Geografía y Filosofía, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain)

  • Giorgio Anfuso

    (Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Polígono Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain)

Abstract

The ideal emplacement of reservoirs has been traditionally determined by means of GIS tools to prospect large areas applying criteria related to rainfall, substrate impermeability or economic and social viability. More recently, geomorphometric characteristics have been added to determine more suitable locations for dams and reservoirs depending on their dimensions. This study presents a fully automatized ArcGIS Pro model, suitable for working with several digital elevation model resolutions and for evaluating best potential reservoir locations to reduce evaporation losses. Here, a smart location strategy to preserve water resources is used based on the premise that the higher the ratio of water stored to water surface area of the reservoir, the lower the water evaporation. The model was tested in two dissimilar basins in the province of Cadiz (SW Spain) and the results are compared with the nearby existing reservoirs. The methodology presented in this paper allows selecting the most suitable sites where it is possible to build a reservoir with a water surface smaller than other reservoirs but also able to hold an equal or greater volume of water; this also allows reducing the area occupied by the reservoir. As an example, in the first study case presented in this paper, a new reservoir could store 30.7 m 3 /m 2 versus the current 9 m 3 /m 2 stored in the nearby existing reservoir. This may reduce the flooded area from 25.4 to just 6.7 km 2 .

Suggested Citation

  • Alfredo Fernández-Enríquez & María Luisa Pérez-Cayeiro & Giorgio Anfuso, 2022. "GIS Modeling to Climate Change Adaptation by Reducing Evaporation in Water Reservoirs: Smart Location Technique of Minimal Evaporation Reservoirs (GIS-MER)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-19, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:21:p:13822-:d:952299
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Omid Rahmati & Zahra Kalantari & Mahmood Samadi & Evelyn Uuemaa & Davoud Davoudi Moghaddam & Omid Asadi Nalivan & Georgia Destouni & Dieu Tien Bui, 2019. "GIS-Based Site Selection for Check Dams in Watersheds: Considering Geomorphometric and Topo-Hydrological Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-20, October.
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