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Chemical Characterization, Source Identification, and Health Risk Assessment of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter in Winter in Hangzhou Bay

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  • Fei Zhang

    (Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
    State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
    Department of Environment, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China)

  • Mei Wan

    (Department of Environment, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China)

  • Xinglong Pang

    (Department of Environment, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China)

  • Lan Yao

    (Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
    School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China)

  • Yao Fu

    (Hangzhou PuYu Technology Development Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311305, China)

  • Wenjing Jiang

    (Department of Environment, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, China)

  • Jingna Zhu

    (Jiaxing Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314001, China)

  • Ciwen Zhang

    (Jiaxing Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314001, China)

Abstract

PM 2.5 is an important pollutant which affects air quality and human health. In this study, chemical components (water-soluble inorganic ions, organic carbons (OC), elemental carbons (EC), and elemental metals) and health effects were analyzed in wintertime in a suburban area in Hangzhou Bay. OC and SNA (sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) contributed 76.2% to local PM 2.5 . NH 4 + existed mainly in the form of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and NH 4 NO 3 . Seven sources were resolved from PMF analysis, namely secondary inorganic aerosol (31.8%), vehicle exhaust (19.5%), industry mixed with coal combustion (16.3%), crustal dust (9.5%), biomass burning (9.4%), sea salt (8.7%), and the leather industry (4.8%). Potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis were applied to study regional transport in this region. Secondary inorganic formation was enhanced from the air plume from the northwest, especially from north Jiangsu Province. The results of the health risk assessment of associated metals indicated the higher potential of Cr and Mn to cause noncarcinogenic effects in children. A significant carcinogenic risk was observed for all people of Cr emitted from the leather industry. Our results showed the chemical characterization and sources of PM 2.5 in a suburban region, the health effects of which should be addressed in future policies to safeguard public health, especially in the leather industry.

Suggested Citation

  • Fei Zhang & Mei Wan & Xinglong Pang & Lan Yao & Yao Fu & Wenjing Jiang & Jingna Zhu & Ciwen Zhang, 2022. "Chemical Characterization, Source Identification, and Health Risk Assessment of Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter in Winter in Hangzhou Bay," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-14, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:19:p:12175-:d:925508
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xinyu Han & Shuai Li & Zezheng Li & Xiaochen Pang & Yuzhai Bao & Jianwu Shi & Ping Ning, 2021. "Concentrations, Source Characteristics, and Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metals in PM 2.5 in a Plateau City (Kunming) in Southwest China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-19, October.
    2. Xiaofeng Wang & Shengliang He & Shuchang Chen & Yongli Zhang & Aihong Wang & Jinbin Luo & Xialiang Ye & Zhe Mo & Lizhi Wu & Peiwei Xu & Gaofeng Cai & Zhijian Chen & Xiaoming Lou, 2018. "Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM 2.5 in Zhejiang Province," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-18, March.
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