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Ganodiesel: A New Biodiesel Feedstock from Biomass of the Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

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Listed:
  • Besek Mariam Mohamad Jahis

    (Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
    Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Zul Ilham

    (Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
    Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA)

  • Sugenendran Supramani

    (Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
    School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia)

  • Mohamad Nor Azzimi Sohedein

    (Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim

    (Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Suraini Abd-Aziz

    (Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia)

  • Neil Rowan

    (Bioscience Research Institute, Technical University Shannon Midlands Midwest, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland)

  • Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar

    (Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
    Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
    Bioscience Research Institute, Technical University Shannon Midlands Midwest, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland)

Abstract

There is a pressing demand for new sustainable eco-friendly approaches to producing green energy worldwide. This study represents the novel production of biodiesel feedstock from the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum QRS 5120 using state-of-the-art biotechnology tools. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to enhance G. lucidum production in a repeated-batch fermentation strategy. By referring to the broth replacement ratio (BRR) and broth replacement time point (BRTP), RSM that was formulated using a central composite design (CCD) resulted in a significant model for all tested variables, which are exopolysaccharide (EPS), endopolysaccharide (ENS) and biomass, with BRR (%) of 60, 75 and 90, and BRTP (days) of 11, 13 and 15. The model was validated using the optimised conditions, and the results showed 4.21 g/L of EPS (BRR 77.46% and BRTP 12 days), 2.44 g/L of ENS (BRR 60% and BRTP 12.85 days), and 34.32 g/L of biomass (BRR 89.52% and BRTP 10.96 days) were produced. Biomass produced from the G. lucidum was subsequently used as feedstock for biodiesel production. Approximately 20.36% of lipid was successfully extracted from the dried G. lucidum biomass via a solvent extraction and subsequently converted to Ganodiesel through a transesterification process. The Ganodiesel produced fulfilled most of the international standards, i.e., US (ASTM D6751-08) and EU (EN 14214). Overall, this study demonstrates the optimised G. lucidum production and its lipid production as a new biodiesel feedstock.

Suggested Citation

  • Besek Mariam Mohamad Jahis & Zul Ilham & Sugenendran Supramani & Mohamad Nor Azzimi Sohedein & Mohamad Faizal Ibrahim & Suraini Abd-Aziz & Neil Rowan & Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar, 2022. "Ganodiesel: A New Biodiesel Feedstock from Biomass of the Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-19, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:17:p:10764-:d:900889
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Menegazzo, Mariana Lara & Fonseca, Gustavo Graciano, 2019. "Biomass recovery and lipid extraction processes for microalgae biofuels production: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 87-107.
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