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Pollution, Risk and Transfer of Heavy Metals in Soil and Rice: A Case Study in a Typical Industrialized Region in South China

Author

Listed:
  • Yaping Liu

    (MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China)

  • Xudong Cao

    (MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China)

  • Yuanan Hu

    (MOE Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China)

  • Hefa Cheng

    (MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

Abstract

Rice paddies in industrialized areas are particularly impacted by heavy metal contaminations. Based on 205 pairs of soil and rice samples collected from Yingtan, a typical industrialized region in southern China, the work was carried out to investigate the characteristics of heavy metals in soils and rice, evaluate their corresponding health risks to local residents and elucidate the migration and enrichment patterns of the trace elements from soil to rice. Approximately 98.5%, 77.6% and 70.2% of the soil samples were polluted by Cd, Pb and Cu, while 34.6%, 23.4% and 15.6% of the rice grain samples had contents of Cd, As and Pb exceeding the standard limitations, respectively. Consuming locally produced rice posed serious risks to local residents. The non-carcinogenic risks were primarily due to dietary intake of i -As and Cd, and carcinogenic risks were mainly caused by i -As in rice grains. Cd is most likely to be migrated and enriched. The bioaccumulation process is influenced by a combination of environmental factors, such as soil pH, TOC, heavy metal contents in bioavailable fractions and mineral elements, such as Al, Mn and Fe. The findings help in making effective pollution prevention and control regulations for guaranteeing the health of local residents.

Suggested Citation

  • Yaping Liu & Xudong Cao & Yuanan Hu & Hefa Cheng, 2022. "Pollution, Risk and Transfer of Heavy Metals in Soil and Rice: A Case Study in a Typical Industrialized Region in South China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-16, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:16:p:10225-:d:890623
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xiangyu Kong & Ting Liu & Ziheng Yu & Zhe Chen & Da Lei & Zhiwei Wang & Hua Zhang & Qiuhua Li & Shanshan Zhang, 2018. "Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in Rice from a High Geological Background Area in Guizhou Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-14, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Natividad Miledy Alberto Then & Ramón Delanoy & Diana Rodríguez Alberto & Ronaldo Méndez Henández & Oscar Díaz Rizo & Lizaira Bello, 2023. "Heavy Metal Pollution Assessment in the Agricultural Soils of Bonao, Dominican Republic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-12, December.
    2. Wei Li & Xudong Cao & Yuanan Hu & Hefa Cheng, 2024. "Source Apportionment and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils in a Typical Mining and Smelting Industrial Area," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-16, February.
    3. Natividad Miledy Alberto Then & Ramón Delanoy & Pedro Antonio Nuñez-Ramos & Oscar Díaz Rizo & Lizaira Bello, 2024. "Assessment of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and the Ecological Risk in an Agricultural Area from Sánchez Ramírez Province, Dominican Republic," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-12, May.

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