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Suburbanization within City Limits in Hungary—A Challenge for Environmental and Social Sustainability

Author

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  • Gábor László Vasárus

    (Institute for Regional Studies, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, 3 Rákóczi út, H-6000 Kecskemét, Hungary)

  • József Lennert

    (Institute for Regional Studies, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, 3 Rákóczi út, H-6000 Kecskemét, Hungary)

Abstract

Suburbanization is one of the most prominent processes of post-socialist urban development, leading to the deconcentration of people, capital, as well as productive and non-productive activities within the functional urban area. This phenomenon also has a significant impact on the traditional rural landscape and leads to environmental and social sustainability challenges. Outmigration from the city center to the rural municipalities of the agglomeration ring is already a thoroughly studied topic. However, less attention is given to migration processes not crossing municipal borders. In Hungary, a significant fraction of them is driven by similar motivations as “traditional” suburbanization. Such movements include flows to built-up residential areas that are physically separated from the urban core. Due to their peculiar development path, the inhabited outskirts can also become destinations for within-city migration. This kind of mobility can be considered suburbanization within the city limits. Because of the general lack of data, this phenomenon is seldom researched. However, this study attempts to address this gap. The prevalence of this process in Hungary is explored by analyzing national statistical data sources. Four case studies are selected for detailed examination—Győr, Zalaegerszeg, Kecskemét, and Szeged. GIS methods, field examinations, surveys, and expert interviews are used to get a detailed picture of the demographic and land cover change processes, as well as the distinctions between the destination areas of the case studies. A comparison of the results drawn from the different methods reveals that land use change in the study area is more widespread than what the land cover datasets indicate. The findings indicate that the Corine Land Cover categories describing mixed land use—especially complex cultivation patterns—are not able to capture the drastic function shift caused by intense suburbanization. Different environmental and social sustainability issues are identified depending on the economic status of the outmigrants. This paper also sheds some light on the urban planning considerations of this emerging challenge.

Suggested Citation

  • Gábor László Vasárus & József Lennert, 2022. "Suburbanization within City Limits in Hungary—A Challenge for Environmental and Social Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:14:p:8855-:d:866716
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. János Pénzes & László Dávid Hegedűs & Kanat Makhanov & Zoltán Túri, 2023. "Changes in the Patterns of Population Distribution and Built-Up Areas of the Rural–Urban Fringe in Post-Socialist Context—A Central European Case Study," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-20, August.
    2. Vlaďka Kirschner & Daniel Franke & Veronika Řezáčová & Tomáš Peltan, 2022. "Poorer Regions Consume More Undeveloped but Less High-Quality Land Than Wealthier Regions—A Case Study," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-13, December.

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