IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i14p8255-d856782.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Design Methodology and Analysis of Five-Level LLC Resonant Converter for Battery Chargers

Author

Listed:
  • Salah Alatai

    (School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Mohamed Salem

    (School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Ibrahim Alhamrouni

    (British Malaysian Institute, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50250, Malaysia)

  • Dahaman Ishak

    (School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Ali Bughneda

    (School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

  • Mohamad Kamarol

    (School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia)

Abstract

This paper presents proposal of a five-level LLC resonant DC–DC converter design procedure for battery chargers. The five-level inverter side of the proposed converter is connected to a transform-less LLC resonant tank to ensure operating at high frequency and achieve soft switching. The proposed converter has less weight, size, and cost. It is also much simpler in terms of implementation, and has smooth energy conversion to the load. The proposed converter is designed to work within the range close to the resonant frequency, to ensure higher power density and efficiency. Thus, the range of operating frequency is set to be (91 kHz < fsw < 110 kHz), while the LLC parameters is designed to achieve resonant frequency fr = 100 kHz. Therefore, it is designed to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) for all switches, which enhances the efficiency as well. The theoretical analysis outcomes were confirmed by simulation studies conducted using MATLAB/SIMULINK. An experimental model was also developed and validated with 100 VDC input voltage, which delivered output power of 100 W, 48 V, with efficiency around 96.9%. Selected findings are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the suggested converter.

Suggested Citation

  • Salah Alatai & Mohamed Salem & Ibrahim Alhamrouni & Dahaman Ishak & Ali Bughneda & Mohamad Kamarol, 2022. "Design Methodology and Analysis of Five-Level LLC Resonant Converter for Battery Chargers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-16, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:14:p:8255-:d:856782
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/14/8255/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/14/8255/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Junhong Song & Weige Zhang & Hui Liang & Jiuchun Jiang & Wensong Yu, 2018. "Fault-Tolerant Control for a Flexible Group Battery Energy Storage System Based on Cascaded Multilevel Converters," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-19, January.
    2. Chaoqiang Jiang & K. T. Chau & Chunhua Liu & Christopher H. T. Lee, 2017. "An Overview of Resonant Circuits for Wireless Power Transfer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-20, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lin Chen & Jianfeng Hong & Mingjie Guan & Zaifa Lin & Wenxiang Chen, 2019. "A Converter Based on Independently Inductive Energy Injection and Free Resonance for Wireless Energy Transfer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-19, September.
    2. Andoni, Merlinda & Robu, Valentin & Flynn, David & Abram, Simone & Geach, Dale & Jenkins, David & McCallum, Peter & Peacock, Andrew, 2019. "Blockchain technology in the energy sector: A systematic review of challenges and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 143-174.
    3. Narayanamoorthi R. & Vimala Juliet A. & Bharatiraja Chokkalingam & Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban & Zbigniew M. Leonowicz, 2017. "Class E Power Amplifier Design and Optimization for the Capacitive Coupled Wireless Power Transfer System in Biomedical Implants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-20, September.
    4. Yang Liu & Bin Li & Mo Huang & Zhijian Chen & Xiuyin Zhang, 2018. "An Overview of Regulation Topologies in Resonant Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Consumer Electronics or Bio-Implants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-22, July.
    5. Alicia Triviño-Cabrera & Zhengyu Lin & José A. Aguado, 2018. "Impact of Coil Misalignment in Data Transmission over the Inductive Link of an EV Wireless Charger," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-11, March.
    6. Wei Liu & K. T. Chau & W. H. Lam & Zhen Zhang, 2019. "Continuously Variable-Frequency Energy-Encrypted Wireless Power Transfer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, April.
    7. Matjaz Rozman & Michael Fernando & Bamidele Adebisi & Khaled M. Rabie & Tim Collins & Rupak Kharel & Augustine Ikpehai, 2017. "A New Technique for Reducing Size of a WPT System Using Two-Loop Strongly-Resonant Inductors," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-18, October.
    8. Zhen Zhang & Ruilin Tong & Zhenyan Liang & Chunhua Liu & Jiang Wang, 2018. "Analysis and Control of Optimal Power Distribution for Multi-Objective Wireless Charging Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-16, July.
    9. Eroğlu, Fatih & Kurtoğlu, Mehmet & Eren, Ahmet & Vural, Ahmet Mete, 2023. "Multi-objective control strategy for multilevel converter based battery D-STATCOM with power quality improvement," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 341(C).
    10. Lin Chen & Jianfeng Hong & Mingjie Guan & Wei Wu & Wenxiang Chen, 2019. "A Power Converter Decoupled from the Resonant Network for Wireless Inductive Coupling Power Transfer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-18, March.
    11. Yujing Zhou & Chunhua Liu & Yongcan Huang, 2020. "Wireless Power Transfer for Implanted Medical Application: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-30, June.
    12. You-Chen Weng & Chih-Chiang Wu & Edward Yi Chang & Wei-Hua Chieng, 2021. "Minimum Power Input Control for Class-E Amplifier Using Depletion-Mode Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Transistor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-16, April.
    13. Zbigniew Kaczmarczyk & Marcin Kasprzak & Adam Ruszczyk & Kacper Sowa & Piotr Zimoch & Krzysztof Przybyła & Kamil Kierepka, 2021. "Inductive Power Transfer Subsystem for Integrated Motor Drive," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-14, March.
    14. Yingqin Zeng & Conghui Lu & Cancan Rong & Xiong Tao & Xiaobo Liu & Renzhe Liu & Minghai Liu, 2021. "Analysis and Design of Asymmetric Mid-Range Wireless Power Transfer System with Metamaterials," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-10, March.
    15. Shaoteng Zhang & Jinbin Zhao & Yuebao Wu & Ling Mao & Jiongyuan Xu & Jiajun Chen, 2020. "Analysis and Implementation of Inverter Wide-Range Soft Switching in WPT System Based on Class E Inverter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-15, October.
    16. Cédric Lecluyse & Ben Minnaert & Michael Kleemann, 2021. "A Review of the Current State of Technology of Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-22, September.
    17. Wei Chen & Jiaojiao Liang & Tingna Shi, 2018. "Speed Synchronous Control of Multiple Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on an Improved Cross-Coupling Structure," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-16, January.
    18. Amjad, Muhammad & Farooq-i-Azam, Muhammad & Ni, Qiang & Dong, Mianxiong & Ansari, Ejaz Ahmad, 2022. "Wireless charging systems for electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    19. Wei Han & Kwok Tong Chau & Hoi Chun Wong & Chaoqiang Jiang & Wong Hing Lam, 2019. "All-In-One Induction Heating Using Dual Magnetic Couplings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-17, May.
    20. Xin Dai & Xiaofei Li & Yanling Li & Pengqi Deng & Chunsen Tang, 2017. "A Maximum Power Transfer Tracking Method for WPT Systems with Coupling Coefficient Identification Considering Two-Value Problem," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-13, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:14:p:8255-:d:856782. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.