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Field-Scale Evaluation of the Soil Quality Index as Influenced by Dairy Manure and Inorganic Fertilizers

Author

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  • Ekrem Ozlu

    (Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA
    Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA)

  • Gafur Gozukara

    (Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir 26040, Türkiye)

  • Mert Acar

    (Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Çukurova University, Adana 01330, Türkiye)

  • Serdar Bilen

    (Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye)

  • Emre Babur

    (Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Forestry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras 46050, Türkiye
    Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA)

Abstract

Long-term addition of manure increases soil organic carbon (SOC), provides nutrient supply, enhances soil quality and crop yield (CY), but may also increase global warming potential (GWP). In this study, a long-term experiment was conducted to investigate impacts of organic dairy manure and inorganic fertilizer on the spatial distribution of soil quality indicators in field scale. The experiment was initiated in 2008 (seven years), and includes three manure and two inorganic fertilizer treatments along with a control (no manure or no inorganic fertilizer addition). The study was set into a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications in a total of 24 plots with an equal size each of 6 × 18 m (108 m 2 ). Soil physical, chemical and biological properties (total 26 properties) were considered as the total data set and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine long-term organic and inorganic fertilizer-induced changes in soil quality. Ordinary kriging interpolation methods were used to predict the spatial distributions of soil quality index (SQI) and mean soil quality values were compared with fertilization treatments by using Duncan’s test. Results showed that most measured soil quality index parameters showed significant differences ( p < 0.05). The long-term dairy manure applications had positive impacts on soil quality index parameters where overall SQI scores were higher under high manure (HM) compared to medium manure (MM), low manure (LM), medium fertilizer (MF), high fertilizer (HF), control (CK) by 25%, 27%, 47%, 55% and 92%. A similar trend was observed for CY and GWP. This indicates that long-term dairy manure can be an option to increase SQI values and provide higher CY, however, this may lead to greater GWP.

Suggested Citation

  • Ekrem Ozlu & Gafur Gozukara & Mert Acar & Serdar Bilen & Emre Babur, 2022. "Field-Scale Evaluation of the Soil Quality Index as Influenced by Dairy Manure and Inorganic Fertilizers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:13:p:7593-:d:844831
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhanjun Liu & Qinlei Rong & Wei Zhou & Guoqing Liang, 2017. "Effects of inorganic and organic amendment on soil chemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial community and soil quality in yellow clayey soil," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 12(3), pages 1-20, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tao Xu & Siqi Yi & Yong Zhou & Qing Li & Yizhu Liu, 2022. "Temporal and Spatial Changes and Driving Forces of Soil Properties in Subtropical Mountainous Areas from 2017 to 2020: A Case Study of Baokang County, Hubei Province, China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-22, October.

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