IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2021i1p137-d709695.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Equivalent CO 2 Emission and Cost Analysis of Green Self-Compacting Rubberized Concrete

Author

Listed:
  • Sylvia E. Kelechi

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano 700006, Nigeria
    Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Purdue University, Northwest, Hammond, IN 46323, USA)

  • Musa Adamu

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano 700006, Nigeria
    Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

  • Abubakar Mohammed

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Bayero University, P.M.B. 3011, Kano 700006, Nigeria)

  • Ifeyinwa I. Obianyo

    (Department of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja 900109, Nigeria)

  • Yasser E. Ibrahim

    (Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia)

  • Hani Alanazi

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Global warming and climate changes are the major environmental challenges globally. With CO 2 emission being one of the main greenhouse gases emitted to the environment, and cement and concrete production amounting to about 10% of the global CO 2 emission, there is a need for the construction industry to utilize an environmentally sustainable material as an alternative to cement. This study analyzed the cost, CO 2 emission and strength properties of green self-compacting concrete (SCC) ternary blend containing fly ash, calcium carbide residue (CCR), and crumb rubber (CR) as a replacement material by volume of cement, cementitious material, and fine aggregate, respectively. Cement was replaced with fly ash at 0% and 40% by volume. CCR was used as a replacement at 5% and 10% by volume of cementitious materials, CR replaced fine aggregate in proportions of 10% and 20% by volume. The result indicated that the mix with 0% fly ash and 20% CR replacement of fine aggregate was the most expensive and had the highest CO 2 emission. However, the mix with 10% CR, 40% fly ash, and 10% CCR had the lowest CO 2 emission and was therefore the greenest SCC mix. The 28-day maximum compressive strength of 45 MPa was achieved in a mix with 0% CR, 0% fly ash, and 10% CCR, while the utmost 28-day splitting tensile strength of 4.1 MPa was achieved with a mix with 10% CR, 0% fly ash, and 5% CCR, and the highest flexural strength at 28 days was 6.7 MPa and was also obtained in a mix with 0% CR, 0% fly ash, and 5% CCR. In conclusion, a green SCC can be produced by substituting 40% cement with fly ash, 10% fine aggregate with CR, and 10% CCR as a replacement by volume of cementitious material, which is highly affordable and has an acceptable strength as recommended for conventional SCC.

Suggested Citation

  • Sylvia E. Kelechi & Musa Adamu & Abubakar Mohammed & Ifeyinwa I. Obianyo & Yasser E. Ibrahim & Hani Alanazi, 2021. "Equivalent CO 2 Emission and Cost Analysis of Green Self-Compacting Rubberized Concrete," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-14, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2021:i:1:p:137-:d:709695
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/1/137/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/1/137/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sabbie A. Miller & Arpad Horvath & Paulo J. M. Monteiro, 2018. "Impacts of booming concrete production on water resources worldwide," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 1(1), pages 69-76, January.
    2. Kim, Taehyoung & Tae, Sungho & Roh, Seungjun, 2013. "Assessment of the CO2 emission and cost reduction performance of a low-carbon-emission concrete mix design using an optimal mix design system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 729-741.
    3. Maria-Chiara Ferrari & Antonio Amelio & Giuseppe Marino Nardelli & Riccardo Costi, 2021. "Assessment on the Application of Facilitated Transport Membranes in Cement Plants for CO 2 Capture," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-15, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Kristina Henzler & Stephanie D. Maier & Michael Jäger & Rafael Horn, 2020. "SDG-Based Sustainability Assessment Methodology for Innovations in the Field of Urban Surfaces," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-32, June.
    2. Hache, Emmanuel & Simoën, Marine & Seck, Gondia Sokhna & Bonnet, Clément & Jabberi, Aymen & Carcanague, Samuel, 2020. "The impact of future power generation on cement demand: An international and regional assessment based on climate scenarios," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 114-133.
    3. Yongxiang Cui & Jiafei Jiang & Tengfei Fu & Sifeng Liu, 2022. "Feasibility of using Waste Brine/Seawater and Sea Sand for the Production of Concrete: An Experimental Investigation from Mechanical Properties and Durability Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-21, October.
    4. Kim, Rakhyun & Tae, Sungho & Roh, Seungjun, 2017. "Development of low carbon durability design for green apartment buildings in South Korea," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 263-272.
    5. Tae Hyoung Kim & Sung Ho Tae & Sung Joon Suk & George Ford & Keun Hyek Yang, 2016. "An Optimization System for Concrete Life Cycle Cost and Related CO 2 Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-19, April.
    6. Tae Hyoung Kim & Chang U Chae & Gil Hwan Kim & Hyoung Jae Jang, 2016. "Analysis of CO 2 Emission Characteristics of Concrete Used at Construction Sites," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-14, April.
    7. Attilio Converti, 2021. "Environmental and Energetic Valorization of Renewable Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-5, December.
    8. Otavio Cavalett & Marcos D. B. Watanabe & Mari Voldsund & Simon Roussanaly & Francesco Cherubini, 2024. "Paving the way for sustainable decarbonization of the European cement industry," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 7(5), pages 568-580, May.
    9. Seungjun Roh & Sungho Tae & Rakhyun Kim & Daniela M. Martínez, 2018. "Analysis of Worker Category Social Impacts in Different Types of Concrete Plant Operations: A Case Study in South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-13, October.
    10. Seungjun Roh & Sungho Tae, 2016. "Building Simplified Life Cycle CO 2 Emissions Assessment Tool (B‐SCAT) to Support Low‐Carbon Building Design in South Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-22, June.
    11. Taehyoung Kim & Chang U. Chae, 2016. "Evaluation Analysis of the CO 2 Emission and Absorption Life Cycle for Precast Concrete in Korea," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-13, July.
    12. Wijayasundara, Mayuri & Mendis, Priyan & Zhang, Lihai & Sofi, Massoud, 2016. "Financial assessment of manufacturing recycled aggregate concrete in ready-mix concrete plants," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 187-201.
    13. Xiaoqian Cen & Qingyuan Wang & Xiaoshuang Shi & Yan Su & Jingsi Qiu, 2019. "Optimization of Concrete Mixture Design Using Adaptive Surrogate Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-18, April.
    14. Griffiths, Steve & Sovacool, Benjamin K. & Furszyfer Del Rio, Dylan D. & Foley, Aoife M. & Bazilian, Morgan D. & Kim, Jinsoo & Uratani, Joao M., 2023. "Decarbonizing the cement and concrete industry: A systematic review of socio-technical systems, technological innovations, and policy options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    15. Heba Marey & Gábor Kozma & György Szabó, 2022. "Effects of Using Green Concrete Materials on the CO 2 Emissions of the Residential Building Sector in Egypt," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-22, March.
    16. Tae Hyoung Kim & Chang U Chae, 2016. "Environmental Impact Analysis of Acidification and Eutrophication Due to Emissions from the Production of Concrete," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-20, June.
    17. Ali, Muhammad Khurram & Nasir, Alishba & Abbasi, Kainat Jamil & Sajid, Muhammad, 2024. "A comparative multidimensional evaluation of parameters and alternatives for transformation of sustainable cement production in Pakistan," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    18. Habibi, Alireza & Bamshad, Omid & Golzary, Abooali & Buswell, Richard & Osmani, Mohammed, 2024. "Biases in life cycle assessment of circular concrete," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    19. Han-Seung Lee & Xiao-Yong Wang, 2016. "Evaluation of the Carbon Dioxide Uptake of Slag-Blended Concrete Structures, Considering the Effect of Carbonation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-18, March.
    20. Takuma Watari & Zhi Cao & Sho Hata & Keisuke Nansai, 2022. "Efficient use of cement and concrete to reduce reliance on supply-side technologies for net-zero emissions," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 13(1), pages 1-9, December.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2021:i:1:p:137-:d:709695. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.