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Integrated Evaluation of Changing Water Resources in an Active Ecotourism Area: The Case of Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines

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  • Mark Ace Dela Cruz

    (Graduate School of Environment Study, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
    Palawan Council for Sustainable Development, Puerto Princesa 5300, Philippines)

  • Shinichiro Nakamura

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan)

  • Naota Hanasaki

    (Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan)

  • Julien Boulange

    (Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan)

Abstract

Rapid urbanization, tourism, and climate change (CC) threaten water resource management in developing countries. Conventional water-planning tools cannot account for the changing effects of water disparity, climate risks, and environmental flow (EF) requirements. This paper proposes an alternative approach that applies stylized water-demand forecasting and predicting water availability from the perspectives of CC, changing society, and EF, thereby providing managers with future scenarios of surface water sufficiency/deficiency in an active ecotourism area, namely, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines. We considered (1) scenarios of seasonal droughts to prepare for climate risks in the future and (2) scenarios of water availability that do not depend on groundwater supply, in which the projected water deficiency is frequent both annually and seasonally. The results of this case study showed that an additional water supply from the Montible Watershed to the city was projected to secure sufficient amounts of water to achieve surface-water sufficiency, which is consistent with the goals of both the municipality and the water company to reduce the dependency on groundwater. Moreover, significant infrastructure investment costs must be anticipated in Scenario 3. Our approach proves efficient in modeling water demand in regions with active tourism and hydrology and therefore has the potential for further analyses and application.

Suggested Citation

  • Mark Ace Dela Cruz & Shinichiro Nakamura & Naota Hanasaki & Julien Boulange, 2021. "Integrated Evaluation of Changing Water Resources in an Active Ecotourism Area: The Case of Puerto Princesa City, Palawan, Philippines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:9:p:4826-:d:543246
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Martina Flörke & Christof Schneider & Robert I. McDonald, 2018. "Water competition between cities and agriculture driven by climate change and urban growth," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 1(1), pages 51-58, January.
    4. Gössling, Stefan & Peeters, Paul & Hall, C. Michael & Ceron, Jean-Paul & Dubois, Ghislain & Lehmann, La Vergne & Scott, Daniel, 2012. "Tourism and water use: Supply, demand, and security. An international review," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 33(1), pages 1-15.
    5. Sood, Aditya & Smakhtin, Vladimir & Eriyagama, Nishadi & Villholth, Karen G. & Liyanage, Nirosha & Wada, Y. & Ebrahim, Girma & Dickens, Chris, 2017. "Global environmental flow information for the sustainable development goals," IWMI Reports 257961, International Water Management Institute.
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