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Transforming Food Systems in Africa under Climate Change Pressure: Role of Climate-Smart Agriculture

Author

Listed:
  • Robert B. Zougmoré

    (CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
    International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), BP 320 Bamako, Mali)

  • Peter Läderach

    (CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
    Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, 00054 Rome, Italy)

  • Bruce M. Campbell

    (CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
    Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Low-income producers and consumers of food in Africa are more vulnerable to climate change, owing to their comparatively limited ability to invest in more adapted institutions and technologies under increasing climatic risks. Therefore, the way we manage our food systems needs to be urgently changed if the goal is to achieve food security and sustainable development more quickly. This review paper analyzes the nexus “climate-smart agriculture-food systems-sustainable development” in order to draw sound ways that could allow rapid transformation of food systems in the context of climate change pressure. We followed an integrative review approach based on selected concrete example-experiences from ground-implemented projects across Africa (Ghana, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, in West Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania in East Africa). Mostly composed of examples from the Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) Research Program of the CGIAR (former Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research) and its partners, these also included ground initiatives from non-CGIAR that could provide demonstrable conditions for a transformative agriculture and food systems. The lessons learnt from the ground implementation of climate-smart agriculture (CSA), in the African context, were instrumental to informing the actions areas of the food-system transformation framework suggested in this paper (reroute, de-risk, reduce, and realign). Selected CSA example-cases to inform these action areas included 24 initiatives across Africa, but with a focus on the following studies for an in-depth analysis: (1) the climate-smart village approach to generate knowledge on climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technologies and practices for their scaling, (2) the use of climate information services (CIS) to better manage climate variability and extremes, and (3) the science–policy interfacing to mainstream CSA into agricultural development policies and plans. The analysis of these examples showed that CSA can contribute driving a rapid change of food systems in Africa through: (1) the implementation of relevant climate-smart technologies and practices to reroute farming and rural livelihoods to new climate-resilient and low-emission trajectories; (2) the development and application of weather and climate information services (WCIS) that support de-risking of livelihoods, farms, and value chains in the face of increasing vagaries of weather and extreme events; (3) the use of climate-smart options that minimize waste of all the natural resources used for growing, processing, packaging, transporting, and marketing food, and therefore mitigating the carbon footprint attached to this food loss and waste; and (4) the realignment of policies and finance that facilitate action in the four proposed action areas through the identification of news ways to mobilize sustainable finance and create innovative financial mechanisms and delivery channels.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert B. Zougmoré & Peter Läderach & Bruce M. Campbell, 2021. "Transforming Food Systems in Africa under Climate Change Pressure: Role of Climate-Smart Agriculture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:8:p:4305-:d:534961
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Collins C. Okolie & Gideon Danso-Abbeam & Okechukwu Groupson-Paul & Abiodun A. Ogundeji, 2022. "Climate-Smart Agriculture Amidst Climate Change to Enhance Agricultural Production: A Bibliometric Analysis," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-23, December.
    3. Lindiwe M. Sibanda & Sithembile N. Mwamakamba, 2021. "Policy Considerations for African Food Systems: Towards the United Nations 2021 Food Systems Summit," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-15, August.
    4. Thaddaeus Obaji Ariom & Elodie Dimon & Eva Nambeye & Ndèye Seynabou Diouf & Oludotun Olusegun Adelusi & Sofiane Boudalia, 2022. "Climate-Smart Agriculture in African Countries: A Review of Strategies and Impacts on Smallholder Farmers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-32, September.
    5. Asaye Damera Ayansa & Amsalu Bedemo & Gemechu Ordofa Jara, 2021. "Smallholder Farmers’ Perception and Adaptation to Climate Change in Kurmuk District, Ethiopia," Applied Economics and Finance, Redfame publishing, vol. 8(5), pages 29-36, September.
    6. Vasilii Erokhin & Alexander Esaulko & Elena Pismennaya & Evgeny Golosnoy & Olga Vlasova & Anna Ivolga, 2021. "Combined Impact of Climate Change and Land Qualities on Winter Wheat Yield in Central Fore-Caucasus: The Long-Term Retrospective Study," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-28, December.
    7. Clara Mosso & Diego Pons & Cristian Beza-Beza, 2022. "A Long Way toward Climate Smart Agriculture: The Importance of Addressing Gender Inequity in the Agricultural Sector of Guatemala," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-16, August.
    8. Ania Cravero & Ana Bustamante & Marlene Negrier & Patricio Galeas, 2022. "Agricultural Big Data Architectures in the Context of Climate Change: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-26, June.
    9. Bas Louman & Erica Di Girolami & Seth Shames & Luis Gomes Primo & Vincent Gitz & Sara J. Scherr & Alexandre Meybeck & Michael Brady, 2022. "Access to Landscape Finance for Small-Scale Producers and Local Communities: A Literature Review," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-26, August.
    10. Abrham Belay & Alisher Mirzabaev & John W. Recha & Christopher Oludhe & Philip M. Osano & Zerihun Berhane & Lydia A. Olaka & Yitagesu T. Tegegne & Teferi Demissie & Chrispinus Mutsami & Dawit Solomon, 2024. "Does climate-smart agriculture improve household income and food security? Evidence from Southern Ethiopia," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(7), pages 16711-16738, July.
    11. Richard Kombat & Paolo Sarfatti & Oluwole Abiodun Fatunbi, 2021. "A Review of Climate-Smart Agriculture Technology Adoption by Farming Households in Sub-Saharan Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-16, November.

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