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Highlighting the Role of Universally Available and Innate Immune Cell Counts in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Scoping Review

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  • Tissa Wijeratne

    (School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
    Department of Neurology, Western Health & University Melbourne, AIMSS, Level Three, WHCRE, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
    Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rajarata, Saliyapura AD 50008, Sri Lanka)

  • Carmela Sales

    (School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
    Department of Neurology, Western Health & University Melbourne, AIMSS, Level Three, WHCRE, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia)

  • Rohit Menon

    (Department of Neurology, Western Health & University Melbourne, AIMSS, Level Three, WHCRE, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia)

  • Leila Karimi

    (School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
    Department of Neurology, Western Health & University Melbourne, AIMSS, Level Three, WHCRE, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
    Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, GA 0179, USA)

  • Mihajlo Jakovljevic

    (Department Global Health Economics & Policy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
    Institute of Comparative Economic Studies, Hosei University, Tokyo 102-8160, Japan)

Abstract

Stroke is one of the leading causes of adult disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. The immune system actively participates in the pathobiological process of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), during the index event and the repair process. Research on neurovascular inflammation has created a renewed interest in the use of easily available biomarkers reflective of innate and adaptive immunological changes with potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications particularly in AIS. The current scoping review aimed to assess the significance the neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR) in AIS and its related complications and explore their association with post-stroke recovery trajectory. The Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework was employed to review the published papers on the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and AIS in late November 2020. Only studies published in English from 2000–2020 were included in this scoping review. Fifty-three published papers were reviewed. This review’s key finding is that a canonical inflammatory response occurs in the hyperacute, acute, subacute, and chronic stages of stroke. An excessive circulating innate immune cells (neutrophils) and reduced circulating adaptive immune cells (lymphocytes) are associated with poorer outcomes during the acute interventions as well as the recovery trajectory. This scoping review’s findings highlights the utility of a systems biology-based approach in stroke care.

Suggested Citation

  • Tissa Wijeratne & Carmela Sales & Rohit Menon & Leila Karimi & Mihajlo Jakovljevic, 2021. "Highlighting the Role of Universally Available and Innate Immune Cell Counts in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Scoping Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-10, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:4069-:d:530897
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mihajlo Jakovljevic & Elena Potapchik & Larisa Popovich & Debasis Barik & Thomas E. Getzen, 2017. "Evolving Health Expenditure Landscape of the BRICS Nations and Projections to 2025," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(7), pages 844-852, July.
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