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Measuring Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Eco-Innovation: A Methodological Proposal for the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)

Author

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  • Muhammad Azam Roomi

    (Mohammed Bin Salman College of Business and Entrepreneurship, King Abdullah Economic City, Saudi Arabia)

  • José Manuel Saiz-Alvarez

    (Business Department, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090105, Ecuador
    Social and Business Department, Universidad Autónoma de Manizales, Manizales 170003, Colombia
    Humanities Department, CEIEF-Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile)

  • Alicia Coduras

    (Institut Opinometre, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
    GEM Global, London NW1 4SA, UK)

Abstract

After the UN’s adoption of 17 Sustainable Development Goals in 2015, it became clear that the relationship between sustainability and entrepreneurship was an area for re-examination. Traditional measures of entrepreneurial success rested largely on economic indicators; observatories like the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) extended them, including cultural and social indicators. There is now a real need to measure and analyze the relationship between sustainable entrepreneurship and eco-innovation and drive positive economic activity outcomes, sustainable development, and social welfare. For GEM’s consideration, this paper proposes a reimagined tool by which to measure sustainable entrepreneurship and eco-innovation in businesses and assess their level of alignment with UN SDGs. Specifically, it presents a new measurement method, incorporating, but simplifying, a complex range of variables, which can be crystallized into a set of items (questions) to determine businesses’ commitment to entrepreneurship sustainability—social, economic, and environmental. The results can be cross-referenced with other relevant variables, and indicators proposed by the UN, to determine what causal or explanatory relationships might or might not exist. The proposal represents a valuable extension to existing data gathering tools, and will be of use to researchers and practitioners in the field of entrepreneurship—especially as its sustainability credentials and environmental impact are in the spotlight.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Azam Roomi & José Manuel Saiz-Alvarez & Alicia Coduras, 2021. "Measuring Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Eco-Innovation: A Methodological Proposal for the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:7:p:4056-:d:530920
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Allal-Chérif, Oihab & Costa Climent, Juan & Ulrich Berenguer, Klaus Jurgen, 2023. "Born to be sustainable: How to combine strategic disruption, open innovation, and process digitization to create a sustainable business," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    3. José Alberto Martínez-González & Urszula Kobylinska & Desiderio Gutiérrez-Taño, 2021. "Exploring Personal and Contextual Variables of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor through the Rasch Mathematical Model," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(16), pages 1-23, August.

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