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Identification and Analysis of Problems in Selected European Historic Gardens during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Katarzyna Hodor

    (Chair of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology CUT, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland)

  • Łukasz Przybylak

    (European Route of Historic Gardens, Plaça de la Vila 1, 17310 Lloret del Mar, Spain)

  • Jacek Kuśmierski

    (Museum of King John III’s Palace at Wilanów, Stanisława Kostki Potockiego 10/16, 02-958 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Magdalena Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk

    (Department of Land Management and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Balicka 253 c, 30-198 Kraków, Poland)

Abstract

The paper is based on a survey and investigates the functioning of historic gardens during the pandemic. The authors collected and analysed information on the impact of the pandemic on the behaviour of visitors, maintenance, and condition of cultural heritage assets, European historic gardens. Four aspects were considered particularly carefully: the situation of gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic, maintenance and care in gardens, virtual activity and communication, and financial consequences. The authors determined the conditions of the gardens and the problems they faced based on a survey completed by 23 managers of 31 historic gardens from June to August 2020 and then proposed a diagnosis. The paper presents the survey results. In general, visitor volumes tended to drop in 2020, which significantly affected gardens’ financial standing and contributed to workforce reductions. The garden condition and treatments were affected, as well. Reduced visitor volumes resulted in positive environmental changes. Among them were ecological succession, the stability of landscaped plants, increase in vegetation, improved biodiversity in the ground cover, and enhanced animal presence. Additional safety measures were implemented after the gardens were reopened to the public during the pandemic, mostly social distancing, and obligatory face masks. Less than half of the gardens had contingency plans, and 25% of the respondents were working to develop one. The analyses provided foundations to start working on a universal emergency strategy similar to procedures used for years for permanent collections at museums. Note that, being open public spaces and live museums, historic gardens were the first places reopened after the lockdown. Recommendations based on the study can contribute to the future safe functioning of historic gardens in other similar crises. The guidelines offer instructions, advice, and recommendations that form foundations of the development of a universal management model facilitating the preservation of historic gardens in good condition while exploiting their ecological potential.

Suggested Citation

  • Katarzyna Hodor & Łukasz Przybylak & Jacek Kuśmierski & Magdalena Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk, 2021. "Identification and Analysis of Problems in Selected European Historic Gardens during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:1332-:d:488098
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Viet-Phuong La & Thanh-Hang Pham & Manh-Toan Ho & Minh-Hoang Nguyen & Khanh-Linh P. Nguyen & Thu-Trang Vuong & Hong-Kong T. Nguyen & Trung Tran & Quy Khuc & Manh-Tung Ho & Quan-Hoang Vuong, 2020. "Policy Response, Social Media and Science Journalism for the Sustainability of the Public Health System Amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Vietnam Lessons," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-27, April.
    2. Cassandra Funsten & Valeria Borsellino & Emanuele Schimmenti, 2020. "A Systematic Literature Review of Historic Garden Management and Its Economic Aspects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-45, December.
    3. Jing Xie & Shixian Luo & Katsunori Furuya & Dajiang Sun, 2020. "Urban Parks as Green Buffers During the COVID-19 Pandemic," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Allam, Zaheer & Jones, David S., 2020. "Pandemic stricken cities on lockdown. Where are our planning and design professionals [now, then and into the future]?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Kukulska-Kozieł, Anita & Noszczyk, Tomasz & Gorzelany, Julia & Młocek, Wojciech, 2024. "Greenery in times of crisis: Accessibility, residents' travel preferences and the impact of travel time," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    2. Megan Heckert & Amanda Bristowe, 2021. "Parks and the Pandemic: A Scoping Review of Research on Green Infrastructure Use and Health Outcomes during COVID-19," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(24), pages 1-17, December.
    3. Jan K. Kazak & Katarzyna Hodor & Magdalena Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk, 2021. "Natural Environment and Cultural Heritage in the City, a Sustainability Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-4, July.
    4. Noszczyk, Tomasz & Gorzelany, Julia & Kukulska-Kozieł, Anita & Hernik, Józef, 2022. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the importance of urban green spaces to the public," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).

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