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Variability in Human Mobility during the Third Wave of COVID-19 in Japan

Author

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  • Takafumi Ando

    (Human-Centered Mobility Research Center, Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan)

  • Toshihisa Sato

    (Human-Centered Mobility Research Center, Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan)

  • Naohisa Hashimoto

    (Human-Centered Mobility Research Center, Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan)

  • Yen Tran

    (Human-Centered Mobility Research Center, Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan)

  • Naoki Konishi

    (Human-Centered Mobility Research Center, Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan)

  • Yuji Takeda

    (Human-Centered Mobility Research Center, Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan)

  • Motoyuki Akamatsu

    (Human-Centered Mobility Research Center, Information Technology and Human Factors, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan)

Abstract

Understanding factors regarding individual variability in human mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic would help inform future political and medical decisions. Particularly, understanding environmental factors would provide effective evidence for future urban development and the construction of a mobility service. Given the limited related evidence thus far, we investigated inter-individual variability in human mobility regarding life space during COVID-19 in Japan. We conducted an online survey to assess human mobility, demographics, and personality, and city structure surveys for objective environmental factors. Human mobility was assessed using the Life Space Assessment (LSA) questionnaire. Result revealed that the total LSA score was significantly higher in people who were men, middle-aged, working, living with their children, public transportation users, bicycle users, and car drivers, and those having a higher score for extraversion and ego resiliency and a lower score for conscientiousness. People living in the city with high traffic on the roads between plains and mountains had a higher LSA score, and had a lower score where there were many plains with a consistent road density, revealing diverse individual and environmental factors associated with human mobility during the pandemic. Thus, political decisions for urban development should consider these characteristics, the pandemic, and individual convenience.

Suggested Citation

  • Takafumi Ando & Toshihisa Sato & Naohisa Hashimoto & Yen Tran & Naoki Konishi & Yuji Takeda & Motoyuki Akamatsu, 2021. "Variability in Human Mobility during the Third Wave of COVID-19 in Japan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-17, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:23:p:13131-:d:688967
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Takanao Tanaka & Shohei Okamoto, 2021. "Increase in suicide following an initial decline during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 5(2), pages 229-238, February.
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    2. Jooho Park & Yasushi Honda & Sayaka Fujii & Satbyul Estella Kim, 2022. "Air Pollution and Public Bike-Sharing System Ridership in the Context of Sustainable Development Goals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-13, March.

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