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Assessing Rainwater Harvesting Potential in Urban Areas: A Building Information Modelling (BIM) Approach

Author

Listed:
  • Ahsen Maqsoom

    (Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad Wah Campus, Wah Cantt 47040, Pakistan)

  • Bilal Aslam

    (Department of Data Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan)

  • Sharjeel Ismail

    (Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad Wah Campus, Wah Cantt 47040, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Jamaluddin Thaheem

    (School of Architecture and Built Environment, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia)

  • Fahim Ullah

    (School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD 4300, Australia)

  • Hafiz Zahoor

    (Department of Construction Engineering and Management, National University of Sciences and Technology, Risalpur Campus, KPK 24080, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Ali Musarat

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia)

  • Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin

    (Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia)

Abstract

Water scarcity has become a major problem for many countries, resulting in declining water supply and creating a need to find alternative solutions. One potential solution is rainwater harvesting (RwH), which allows rainwater to be stored for human needs. This study develops an RwH assessment system through building information modeling (BIM). For this purpose, a hydrological study of Cfa-type climate cities is conducted with the example of Islamabad, Pakistan. The monthly rainfall data of three sites were assessed to determine the volume of the accumulated rainwater and its potential to meet human needs. The average number of people living in a house is taken as the household number. Household number or of the number of employees working at a small enterprise, roofing material, and rooftop area are used as the key parameters for pertinent assessment in the BIM. The data simulated by BIM highlight the RwH potential using five people per house as the occupancy and a 90 m 2 rooftop area for residential buildings or small enterprises as parameters. The results show that the selected sites can collect as much as 8,190 L/yr of rainwater (48 L/person/day) to 103,300 L/yr of rainwater (56 L/person/day). This much water is enough to fulfill the daily demands of up to five people. Therefore, it is established that the study area has an RwH potential that is able to meet the expected demands. This study presents a baseline approach for RwH to address water scarcity issues for residential buildings and factories of the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahsen Maqsoom & Bilal Aslam & Sharjeel Ismail & Muhammad Jamaluddin Thaheem & Fahim Ullah & Hafiz Zahoor & Muhammad Ali Musarat & Nikolai Ivanovich Vatin, 2021. "Assessing Rainwater Harvesting Potential in Urban Areas: A Building Information Modelling (BIM) Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-21, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:22:p:12583-:d:679189
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kuldeep Tiwari & Rohit Goyal & Archana Sarkar, 2018. "GIS-based Methodology for Identification of Suitable Locations for Rainwater Harvesting Structures," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 32(5), pages 1811-1825, March.
    2. Flavio Lupia & Valerio Baiocchi & Keti Lelo & Giuseppe Pulighe, 2017. "Exploring Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Potential for Food Production in Urban Areas," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 7(6), pages 1-17, May.
    3. Ullah, Fahim & Qayyum, Siddra & Thaheem, Muhammad Jamaluddin & Al-Turjman, Fadi & Sepasgozar, Samad M.E., 2021. "Risk management in sustainable smart cities governance: A TOE framework," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
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    6. Qadeer Ali & Muhammad Jamaluddin Thaheem & Fahim Ullah & Samad M. E. Sepasgozar, 2020. "The Performance Gap in Energy-Efficient Office Buildings: How the Occupants Can Help?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-27, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Luciana Teixeira Batista & José Ricardo Queiroz Franco & Ricardo Hall Fakury & Marcelo Franco Porto & Carmela Maria Polito Braga, 2022. "Methodology for Determining Sustainable Water Consumption Indicators for Buildings," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-25, May.
    2. Fatin Khalida Binti Abdul Khadir & Ng Cheng Yee & Husna Binti Takaijudin & Noor Amila Wan Abdullah Zawawi & Wesam Salah Alaloul & Muhammad Ali Musarat, 2023. "Evaluation of the Implementation of Sustainable Stormwater Management Practices for Landed Residential Areas: A Case Study in Malaysia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-20, July.

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