IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i21p11906-d666563.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Seasonal and Temporal Influence on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Red Sea Coastal Water, Egypt

Author

Listed:
  • Mohamed El-Naggar

    (Pure and Applied Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates)

  • Said Hanafy

    (Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency—Assiut Branch, Assiut 71764, Egypt)

  • Alaa M. Younis

    (Department of Aquatic Environment, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt)

  • Mahmoud A. Ghandour

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt)

  • Abdel-Aziz Y. El-Sayed

    (Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University—Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt)

Abstract

This study investigated seasonal variation, spatial distribution, sources, composition and potential ecological risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Red Sea coastal water. Surface seawater samples were collected at fourteen different locations. The sum of 16 PAHs concentrations in Red Sea showed clear variation between seasons, ranged from 1.08–6.10, 0.79–50.86, 1.37–54.47 and 0.21–7.18 μg/L in summer, autumn, winter, and spring respectively. PAHs levels in Red Sea coastal waters were relatively high at certain sites during autumn and winter seasons. They could be classified as highly polluted by PAHs contaminants (>10 μg/L). According to the diagnostic ratios measured, the majority of PAHs in this study originated from pyrogenic sources, while minor amounts originated from petrogenic sources. Four rings PAHs accounted for more than 64% of the total PAHs studied. PAHs pose a high ecological risk along the period of study, according to the ecological risk assessment by Risk quotients (RQNCs and RQMPCs).

Suggested Citation

  • Mohamed El-Naggar & Said Hanafy & Alaa M. Younis & Mahmoud A. Ghandour & Abdel-Aziz Y. El-Sayed, 2021. "Seasonal and Temporal Influence on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Red Sea Coastal Water, Egypt," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11906-:d:666563
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11906/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11906/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly Sany & Rosli Hashim & Aishah Salleh & Majid Rezayi & Ali Mehdinia & Omid Safari, 2014. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Coastal Sediment of Klang Strait, Malaysia: Distribution Pattern, Risk Assessment and Sources," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(4), pages 1-14, April.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yilin Yao & Jingyi Li & Hanhan Xue & Yutong Liu & Junpeng Qiao & Jingchun Tang & Rutao Liu & Qigui Niu, 2022. "Influences of Naphthalene Concentration on Starch Anaerobic Digestion: Focusing on Digestion Performance, Extracellular Polymeric Substances and Function Microbial Community," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Peter Agorye Adie & Akosu Andrew Kor & Ahola David Oklo & Chris Oche Ikese & Peter Agorye Adie, 2021. "Funaria hygrometrica moss as Bio-indicator of Atmospheric Pollution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Makurdi-Nigeria: Occurrence and Sources," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 8(4), pages 29-35, April.
    2. Florence Braun & Jérôme Hamelin & Anaïs Bonnafous & Nadine Delgenès & Jean-Philippe Steyer & Dominique Patureau, 2015. "Similar PAH Fate in Anaerobic Digesters Inoculated with Three Microbial Communities Accumulating Either Volatile Fatty Acids or Methane," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-20, April.
    3. Juan Zhang & Shukai Fan & Xiaoming Du & Juncheng Yang & Wenyan Wang & Hong Hou, 2015. "Accumulation, Allocation, and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soil-Brassica chinensis System," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(2), pages 1-16, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11906-:d:666563. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.