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Complex Systems Thinking Approach to Urban Greenery to Provide Community-Tailored Solutions and Enhance the Provision of Cultural Ecosystem Services

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  • Maria Elena Menconi

    (Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Perugia University, 06121 Perugia, Italy)

  • Ambra Sipone

    (Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Perugia University, 06121 Perugia, Italy)

  • David Grohmann

    (Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Perugia University, 06121 Perugia, Italy)

Abstract

This paper presents a GIS-based method for supporting local administrations in the design of urban green areas while taking into account the complexity of the whole system. The proposed method merges the criteria of availability, accessibility, attractiveness, usability, and suitability in a multi-level approach (city, neighborhood green area) to assist in the selection of which services within green areas to enhance from those requested by citizens. The case study is an urban park in a medium-sized Italian city (Perugia). The results demonstrate that the available urban green spaces amount to 34.7 m 2 per person, but only 24% of citizens have adequate access to a green area providing at least an adequate level of service, and 18% of them are without access to any appropriately equipped green area. Furthermore, citizens have limited knowledge of their city’s urban green system as a whole. Indeed, 41% of the requested services were already available in other accessible green areas with attractive and readily available dedicated equipment. These areas were suggested as alternative solutions. To achieve a complex systems approach, our results suggest observing similar systems with various and adaptable scales and studying them as open networks composed of heterogeneous internal and external variables.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Elena Menconi & Ambra Sipone & David Grohmann, 2021. "Complex Systems Thinking Approach to Urban Greenery to Provide Community-Tailored Solutions and Enhance the Provision of Cultural Ecosystem Services," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-17, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:21:p:11787-:d:664315
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kunyuan Wanghe & Xinle Guo & Xiaofeng Luan & Kai Li, 2019. "Assessment of Urban Green Space Based on Bio-Energy Landscape Connectivity: A Case Study on Tongzhou District in Beijing, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(18), pages 1-15, September.
    2. Schäffler, Alexis & Swilling, Mark, 2013. "Valuing green infrastructure in an urban environment under pressure — The Johannesburg case," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 246-257.
    3. Subramanian, Divya & Jana, Arnab, 2019. "Evaluating the cultural ecosystem services of India: Comparison of budget allocations to improve the use value of recreational open spaces," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Richards, Daniel R. & Tunçer, Bige, 2018. "Using image recognition to automate assessment of cultural ecosystem services from social media photographs," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 31(PC), pages 318-325.
    5. Łaszkiewicz, Edyta & Czembrowski, Piotr & Kronenberg, Jakub, 2019. "Can proximity to urban green spaces be considered a luxury? Classifying a non-tradable good with the use of hedonic pricing method," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 237-247.
    6. Francesco Ferrini & Alessio Fini & Jacopo Mori & Antonella Gori, 2020. "Role of Vegetation as a Mitigating Factor in the Urban Context," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-22, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jun Li & Melasutra Md. Dali & Nikmatul Adha Nordin, 2023. "Connectedness among Urban Parks from the Users’ Perspective: A Systematic Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(4), pages 1-20, February.
    2. MariaElena Menconi & Rosaria Abbate & Luca Simone & David Grohmann, 2023. "Urban Green System Planning Insights for a Spatialized Balance between PM 10 Dust Retention Capacity of Trees and Urban Vehicular PM 10 Emissions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-17, March.
    3. Zhiqiao Li & Qin Liu & Yuxin Zhang & Kun Yan & Yangyang Yan & Pei Xu, 2022. "Characteristics of Urban Parks in Chengdu and Their Relation to Public Behaviour and Preferences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-16, May.

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